Photovoltaic top module
In accordance with one or more embodiments herein, a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic (PV) top module, to be used together with a PV bottom module, e.g an SI-based PV bottom module, is provided. The method may include monolithically interconnecting a plurality of thin film based PV sub-cells, manufactured using a perovskite material and/or a CIGS material as solar absorbing material, in series on a substrate in order to create a PV top module including at least one first PV top sub-module, and arranging metal grid lines on top and bottom contact layers of the PV top module. The metal grid lines may be arranged either above or below the top and bottom contact layers of the PV top module.
1 . A photovoltaic (PV) module comprising:
a PV top module comprising a plurality of series connected thin film based PV sub-cells, wherein the thin film based PV sub-cells comprise a perovskite material and/or a CIGS material as solar absorbing material, the thin film based PV sub-cells are monolithically integrated on a substrate forming the PV top module, wherein the PV top module comprises at least one first PV top sub-module, with metal grid lines arranged on top and bottom contact layers of the PV top module; and
a PV bottom module having a plurality of series connected Si-based PV sub-cells, wherein the PV bottom module and the PV top module are connected in parallel within the PV module, and wherein the PV module comprises no more than two output terminals;
wherein an output voltage of the PV top module is in a range of 30 V to 50 V, and an output voltage of the PV bottom module is in a range of 30 V to 50 V;
wherein each of the thin film based PV sub-cells has a cell width in a range from 20 mm to 30 mm;
wherein each of the PV top module and the PV bottom module has a module width in a range from 80 cm to 120 cm.
2 . The PV module according to claim 1 , wherein the metal grid lines have been defined using a photolithography method.
3 . The PV module according to claim 1 , wherein the metal grid lines on the top and bottom contact layers of the PV top module are aligned with each other.
4 . The PV module according to claim 1 , wherein the thin film based PV sub-cells are semi-transparent.
5 . The PV module according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional PV top sub-module, where each additional PV top sub-module comprises a number of series connected thin film based third PV sub-cells that are monolithically integrated on a thin film substrate, and all the PV top sub-modules are connected in parallel within the PV top module.
6 . The PV module according to claim 1 , wherein the PV top module is coated on the inside of a cover glass for the PV bottom module.
7 . The PV module according to claim 1 , wherein the metal grid lines arranged on top and bottom contact layers of the PV top module are aligned with metal grid lines on the PV bottom module, whereby the gridlines overlap over at least one half of a gridline width.
8 . The PV module according to claim 6 , wherein the PV top module comprises a perovskite material.