Biometric skin contact sensor and methods of operating a biometric skin contact sensor
A capacitive biometric skin contact sensor configured to resolve the contours of skin in contact with the sensor, wherein the sensor comprises: an array of sensor pixels, wherein each sensor pixel comprises a thin film transistor and a capacitive sensing electrode connected to the thin film transistor; a plurality of gate drive channels, wherein each gate drive channel is arranged to provide a gate drive signal to one or more of the sensor pixels; a plurality of read-out channels, wherein each read-out channel is arranged to receive a read-out current from one or more of the sensor pixels, each read-out current being indicative of a proximity to a respective capacitive sensing electrode of a conductive object to be sensed; and an analog to digital converter comprising a dual slope integrator arranged to receive, as its input, either an output current or a reference voltage, wherein said output current is based on one or more read-out currents; wherein the biometric sensor is configured to: apply the output current as the input to the dual slope integrator for a charging time period to charge a capacitor of the dual slope integrator; apply the reference voltage as the input to the dual slope integrator for a discharging time period, wherein the discharging time period comprises the amount of time it takes for the capacitor to discharge; and determine the proximity to the one or more respective capacitive sensing electrodes of the conductive body based on an indication of the discharging time period.
1. A capacitive biometric skin contact sensor configured to resolve the contours of skin in contact with the sensor, wherein the sensor comprises:
an array of sensor pixels, wherein each sensor pixel comprises a thin film transistor and a capacitive sensing electrode connected to the thin film transistor;
a plurality of gate drive channels, wherein each gate drive channel is arranged to provide a gate drive signal to one or more of the sensor pixels;
a plurality of read-out channels, wherein each read-out channel is arranged to receive a read-out current from one or more of the sensor pixels, each read-out current being indicative of a proximity to a respective capacitive sensing electrode of a conductive object to be sensed;
a current multiplexer connected to a first plurality of the read-out channels to receive read-out currents therefrom, wherein the current multiplexer is configured to select one or more read-out currents from said first plurality of read-out channels; and
analog to digital converter comprising a dual slope integrator arranged to receive, as its input, either an output current based on the one or more read-out currents selected by the current multiplexer or a reference voltage;
wherein the biometric sensor is configured to:
apply the output current as the input to the dual slope integrator for a charging time period to charge a capacitor of the dual slope integrator;
apply the reference voltage as the input to the dual slope integrator for a discharging time period, wherein the discharging time period comprises the amount of time it takes for the capacitor to discharge; and
determine the proximity to the one or more respective capacitive sensing electrodes of the conductive body based on an indication of the discharging time period;
wherein the sensor is configured to control: (i) a sensor resolution by controlling the number of read-out currents selected by the multiplexer, and (ii) a sensor sensitivity by controlling the charging time period for the dual slope integrator.
2. The biometric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the biometric sensor is configured to increase the charging time period to increase the sensitivity of the sensor.
3. The biometric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the biometric sensor is configured to:
control the number of read-out currents selected by the multiplexer based on the charging time period; and/or
control the charging time period based on the number of read-out currents selected by the multiplexer.
4. A capacitive biometric skin contact sensor configured to resolve the contours of skin in contact with the sensor, wherein the sensor comprises:
an array of sensor pixels, wherein each sensor pixel comprises a thin film transistor and a capacitive sensing electrode connected to the thin film transistor;
a plurality of gate drive channels, wherein each gate drive channel is arranged to provide a gate drive signal to one or more of the sensor pixels;
a plurality of read-out channels, wherein each read-out channel is arranged to receive a read-out current from one or more of the sensor pixels, each read-out current being indicative of a proximity to a respective capacitive sensing electrode of a conductive object to be sensed;
a current mirror assembly connected to receive an input current based on one or more read-out currents and to provide a selected gain to the input current; and
an analog to digital converter comprising a dual slope integrator arranged to receive, as its input, either an output current or a reference voltage, wherein said output current is based on the current from the current mirror assembly;
wherein the biometric sensor is configured to:
apply the output current as the input to the dual slope integrator for a charging time period to charge a capacitor of the dual slope integrator;
apply the reference voltage as the input to the dual slope integrator for a discharging time period, wherein the discharging time period comprises the amount of time it takes for the capacitor to discharge; and
determine the proximity to the one or more respective capacitive sensing electrodes of the conductive body based on an indication of the discharging time period;
wherein the sensor is configured to control a sensor sensitivity by controlling the selected gain provided by the current mirror assembly and the charging time period for the dual slope integrator.
5. The biometric sensor of claim 4 , wherein the biometric sensor is configured to:
control the selected gain to the input current based on the charging time period; and/or
control the charging time period based on the selected gain to the input current.
6. The biometric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises:
a current mirror assembly connected to the multiplexer to receive an input current therefrom and to provide a selected gain to the input current to provide the output current;
wherein the sensor is configured to control the selected gain to the input current.
7. The biometric sensor of claim 6 , wherein at least one of:
the sensor is configured to control at least one of: (i) the number of read-out currents selected by the multiplexer, and (ii) the selected gain to the input current, based on the charging time period;
the sensor is configured to control at least one of: (i) the number of read-out currents selected by the multiplexer, and (ii) the charging time period, based on the selected gain to the input current; and
the sensor is configured to control at least one of: (i) the selected gain to the input current, and (ii) the charging time period, based on the number of read-out currents selected by the multiplexer.
8. The biometric sensor of claim 6 , wherein the sensor is configured to control at least one of: (i) the number of read-out currents selected by the multiplexer, and (ii) the selected gain to the input current, to increase the output current when the charging time period is decreased.
9. The biometric sensor of claim 6 , wherein the sensor is configured to control a sensor sensitivity by controlling the selected gain to the input current.
10. The biometric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the dual slope integrator comprises an integrator and a comparator, wherein the capacitor is part of the integrator;
wherein the positive terminal of the comparator is connected to a reference voltage and wherein the negative terminal of the comparator is connected to the output from the integrator; and
wherein the output from the comparator is connected to a controller configured to determine the discharging time period.
11. The biometric sensor of claim 1 , wherein each sensor pixel comprises a reference capacitor, and wherein for each sensor pixel, the reference capacitor and the capacitive sensing electrode are connected to a gate region of the thin film transistor.
12. A method of operating a capacitive biometric skin contact sensor configured to resolve the contours of skin in contact with the sensor, wherein the sensor comprises:
an array of sensor pixels, wherein each sensor pixel comprises a thin film transistor and a capacitive sensing electrode connected to the thin film transistor;
a plurality of gate drive channels, wherein each gate drive channel is arranged to provide a gate drive signal to one or more of the sensor pixels;
a plurality of read-out channels, wherein each read-out channel is arranged to receive a read-out current from one or more of the sensor pixels, each read-out current being indicative of a proximity to a respective capacitive sensing electrode of a conductive object to be sensed;
a current multiplexer connected to a first plurality of the read-out channels to receive read-out currents therefrom, wherein the current multiplexer is configured to select one or more read-out currents from said first plurality of read-out channels; and
an analog to digital converter comprising a dual slope integrator arranged to receive, as its input, either an output current based on the one or more read-out currents selected by the current multiplexer or a reference voltage;
wherein the method comprises:
applying the output current as the input to the dual slope integrator for a charging time period to charge a capacitor of the dual slope integrator;
applying the reference voltage as the input to the dual slope integrator for a discharging time period, wherein the discharging time period comprises the amount of time it takes for the capacitor to discharge;
determining the proximity to the one or more respective capacitive sensing electrodes of the conductive body based on an indication of the discharging time period; and
controlling: (i) a sensor resolution by controlling the number of read-out currents selected by the multiplexer, and (ii) a sensor sensitivity by controlling the charging time period for the dual slope integrator.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the method comprises increasing the charging time period to increase the sensitivity of the sensor.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
controlling the number of read-out currents selected by the multiplexer based on the charging time period; and/or
controlling the charging time period based on the number of read-out currents selected by the multiplexer.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the sensor comprises a current mirror assembly configured to receive an input current indicative of the one or more read-out currents and to provide a selected gain to the input current to provide the output current, and wherein the method comprises:
controlling the selected gain to the input current based on the charging time period; and/or
controlling the charging time period based on the selected gain to the input current.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the sensor comprises: a current mirror assembly connected to the multiplexer to receive an input current therefrom and to provide a selected gain to the input current to provide the output current, and wherein the method comprises:
controlling the sensitivity of the sensor by controlling the selected gain to the input current.
17. A computer program product comprising computer program instructions configured to program a controller to perform the method of claim 12 .
18. The biometric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is configured to increase sensor resolution by reducing the number of read-out currents simultaneously selected by the multiplexer.
19. The biometric sensor of claim 4 , wherein the sensor is configured to increase sensor sensitivity by increasing the selected gain.
20. The biometric sensor of claim 4 , wherein the sensor is configured to increase sensor sensitivity by increasing the charging time period.