Ultra-fast marine-biodegradable composite film
An ultra-fast marine-biodegradable composite film can include at least one water-soluble layer, and at least one marine-biodegradable layer disposed in contact with the at least one water-soluble layer. The composite film can include a plurality of the water-soluble layer, and a plurality of the marine-biodegradable layer interspaced between the marine-biodegradable layers. The composite film may be used for packaging, including food packaging. Methods of preparing an ultra-fast marine-biodegradable composite film are also disclosed.
1 . An ultra-fast marine-biodegradable composite film, comprising:
at least one water-soluble layer; and
at least one marine-biodegradable layer disposed in contact with the at least one water-soluble layer,
wherein the at least one water-soluble layer and/or the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises a nanostarch compound, and
wherein the at least one water-soluble layer comprises a water-soluble substance and a water-insoluble substance, and the water soluble substance is selected from thermoplastic starch (TPS), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), copolymers thereof, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
2 . The composite film of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of the water-soluble layer and a plurality of the marine-biodegradable layer, and wherein the water-soluble layers are interspaced between the marine-biodegradable layers.
3 . The composite film of claim 2 , comprising at least ten of the water-soluble layers and at least ten of the marine-biodegradable layers.
4 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water-soluble layer and the at least one marine-biodegradable layer are laminated together to form the composite film and/or co-extruded to form the composite film.
5 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the composite film has a thickness of between 7 μm and 3 mm.
6 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises a marine-biodegradable substance, and the marine-biodegradable substance is selected from polyhydroxy-butylhexanoate (PHBH), PVOH, poly-epsiloncaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydroxy-butyratevalerate (PHBV), TPS, cellophane, cellulose, copolymers thereof, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
7 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises a compostable substance, and the compostable substance is selected from poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), PHBH, polydioxanone (PDO), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), PVOH, polylactic acid (PLA), PCL, poly(limonene carbonate) (PLC), PHA, polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), PHBV, copolymers thereof, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
8 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises a biodegradable substance selected from paper, cellulose, and cellophane, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof, and the biodegradable substance is in the shape of a sheet and is formed to be at least one of continuous, woven, spun-bonded and melt-bonded.
9 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the nanostarch compound comprises nanostarch with a particle size of about 40 to about 500 nm, and an average particle size of about 100 nm, and the nanostarch compound has about 1% w/w to about 50% w/w of the nanostarch.
10 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the nanostarch compound comprises a small-size regular starch with a particle size of about 2 to about 13 μm, and an average particle size of about 5.5 μm, and the nanostarch compound has about 10% w/w to about 90% w/w of the small-size regular starch.
11 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the nanostarch compound comprises a large-size regular starch with a particle size of about 10 to about 70 μm, and an average particle size of about 36 μm, and the nanostarch compound has about 10% w/w to about 90% w/w of the large-size regular starch.
12 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water-soluble layer and/or the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises one or more of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide and an oligosaccharide, soluble in water, and the one or more of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide and an oligosaccharide is selected from glucose, fructose, sucrose, glycerin, erythritol, threitol, arabitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, sorbit, sorbitol, galactitol, galactose, iditol, volemitol, nonitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, myo-inositol, and mixtures thereof.
13 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water-soluble layer and/or the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises a polysaccharide, and the polysaccharide is selected from starch, cellulose, arabinoxylans, chitin, chitosan, pectins, xanthan gum, dextran, welan gum, gellan gum, diutan gum, and pullulan, thermoplastic preparations thereof, and mixtures thereof.
14 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water-soluble layer and/or the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises a surfactant, and the surfactant is selected from glycerol monostearate (GMS), glycerol distearate (GDS), sorbitol monostearate (SMS), sorbitol distearate (SDS), polysorbate-20, polysorbate-40, polysorbate-60, polysorbate-80, sodium stearate, 4-(5-dodecyl)benzenesulfonate, docusate (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), alkyl ether phosphates, benzalkaonium chloride (BAC), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and mixtures thereof.
15 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water-soluble layer and/or the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises an organic filler, and the organic filler is selected from wood fiber, saw dust, cellulose, rice shells, nut shells, coffee shells, and mixtures thereof.
16 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water-soluble layer and/or the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises an inorganic filler, and the inorganic filler is selected from calcium carbonate, clay, kaolin, glass fiber, glass beads, talc, wollastonite, iron ore byproducts, and mixtures thereof.
17 . The composite film of claim 1 , comprising at least one of a water-based adhesive and a water-soluble adhesive, and the at least one of a water-based adhesive and a water-soluble adhesive is selected from dextrin, starch, casein, blood, fish, soybean, milk albumen, animal hides, bones, PVOH, cellulose ethers, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof.
18 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water-soluble layer comprises PVOH and glycerol, and the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises PHA, CaCO 3 , nanostarch compound, sucrose, and surfactant, the composite film comprising:
about 48% w/w of PVOH;
about 12% w/w of glycerol;
about 23% w/w of PHA;
about 6% w/w of nanostarch compound;
about 6% w/w of CaCO 3 ;
about 3% w/w of sucrose; and
about 2% w/w of glycerol monostearate.
19 . The composite film of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water-soluble layer comprises PVOH and glycerol, and the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises PHA and cellulose fibers, the composite film comprising:
about 54% w/w of PVOH;
about 6% w/w of glycerol;
about 30% w/w of PHA; and
about 10% w/w of cellulose fibers.
20 . An ultra-fast marine-biodegradable composite film, comprising:
at least one water-soluble layer; and
at least one marine-biodegradable layer disposed in contact with the at least one water-soluble layer,
wherein the at least one water-soluble layer and/or the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises a nanostarch compound, and
wherein the at least one marine-biodegradable layer comprises a biodegradable substance selected from paper, cellulose, and cellophane, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof, and the biodegradable substance is in the shape of a sheet and is formed to be at least one of continuous, woven, spun-bonded and melt-bonded.