Systems and method for producing hollow quartz cylinders
This disclosure relates to fabrication of quartz hollow cylinder with reduced bubbles using atmospheric control. An example horizontal rotating arc furnace includes a housing, supports, and a rotary union. The housing defines an interior configured to receive silica particles and electrodes that generate a plasma arc and includes a plurality of first ports on an exterior of the housing fluidly connected to the interior and supply pipes fluidly coupled to the first ports. The supports mechanically couple the housing to a drive system to provide rotational motion to the housing. The rotary union is coupled to the housing includes second ports to fluidly connect to a vacuum supply. The second ports are fluidly connected to the first ports via the supply pipes. The horizontal rotating arc furnace is configured to apply a vacuum to the interior of the housing via the first ports when the housing is spinning.
1. A horizontal rotating arc furnace comprising:
a housing defining an interior configured to receive particles for forming quartz or ceramic body and electrodes that generate a plasma arc, the housing including a plurality of first ports on an exterior of the housing fluidly connected to the interior and supply pipes fluidly coupled to the first ports;
supports mechanically coupling the housing to a drive system to provide rotational motion to the housing; and
a rotary union coupled to the housing, the rotary union including second ports to fluidly connect to a vacuum supply, the second ports fluidly connected to at least some of the first ports via the supply pipes,
wherein the horizontal rotating arc furnace is configured to apply a vacuum to the interior of the housing via the first ports when the housing is rotating.
2. The horizontal rotating arc furnace of claim 1 , wherein
the plurality of first ports comprise a first set of first ports and a second set of first ports,
the supply pipes comprise a first set of supply pipes and a second set of supply pipes,
the rotary union is a first rotary union, and
wherein the horizontal rotating arc furnace further comprises a second rotary union coupled to the housing opposite the first rotary union, the second rotary union including third ports to fluidly connect to a gas supply, the third ports fluidly connected to the second set of first ports via the second set of supply pipes, wherein the second ports are fluidly connected to the first set of first ports via the first set of supply pipes.
3. The horizontal rotating arc furnace of claim 2 , wherein the gas supply supplies a high diffusivity gas.
4. The horizontal rotating arc furnace of claim 3 , wherein the high diffusivity gas is a mixture of helium and oxygen that is at least 80% helium by weight.
5. The horizontal rotating arc furnace of claim 2 , wherein the gas supply is configured to supply a high diffusivity gas to the second set of first ports simultaneously with the vacuum supply applying the vacuum to the first set of first ports.
6. The horizontal rotating arc furnace of claim 1 , further comprising:
an axial extension coupled to each end of the housing, wherein the axial extensions rotates with the housing,
wherein at least one axial extension is fluidly coupled to the rotary union, and configured to fluidly couple the rotary union to supply pipes, and
wherein the rotary union provides a seal between the vacuum source and the at least one axial extension.
7. The horizontal rotating arc furnace of claim 6 , wherein the housing includes a cylinder body in which the particles and the electrodes are received, wherein the axial extensions extend radially away from the cylinder body, and wherein the at least one axial extension interfaces with the drive system within one of the supports to provide rotational force to the housing.
8. The horizontal rotating arc furnace of claim 1 , wherein the housing includes a cylinder body in which the particles and the electrodes are received, wherein the first ports that are spaced about the cylinder body to supply the vacuum to an interior of the cylinder body while remaining balanced to facilitate rotation of the cylinder body.
9. The horizontal rotating arc furnace of claim 1 , wherein the first ports each include a plug sufficient to allow a vacuum to be drawn from or the high diffusivity gas to be introduced in the housing and prevent the particles from entering the first ports.
10. The horizontal rotating arc furnace of claim 9 , wherein the plugs are formed from a porous material having a porosity sufficient to allow a vacuum to be drawn from the housing while preventing the silica particles from entering the first ports.
11. A method of forming a quartz or ceramic body comprising:
supplying quartz or ceramic particles the horizontal rotating arc furnace of claim 1 ; and
while rotating the housing:
providing heat to fuse at least a portion of the particles into a quartz or ceramic body, and
applying a vacuum between an interior wall of the housing and an exterior wall of the quartz or ceramic body via the plurality of first ports on the housing.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the particles are quartz particles, and the method comprises forming a quartz body.
13. A method for forming a silica glass body comprising:
supplying silica particles into an interior of a hollow cylinder body of a horizontal rotating arc furnace; and
while rotating the hollow cylinder body:
providing heat to fuse at least a portion of the silica particles into the silica glass body, and
applying a vacuum between an interior wall of the hollow cylinder body and an exterior wall of the silica glass body via a first set of one or more ports on the cylindrical hollow body.
14. The method of claim 13 further comprising, while rotating the hollow cylinder body, supplying a process gas to the interior of the cylinder via a second set of one or more ports on the cylindrical hollow body.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein applying the vacuum and supplying the process gas are performed simultaneously.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the process gas is a high diffusivity gas.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the process gas is a mixture of helium and oxygen that is at least 80% helium by weight.
18. The method of claim 14 , further comprising, while rotating the hollow cylinder body, supplying a process gas to the interior of the cylinder via a second set of one or more ports on the cylindrical hollow body at a first time, wherein applying the vacuum occurs at a second time, and the second time occurs subsequent to the first time.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising, while rotating the hollow cylinder body, supplying a post-process gas to the interior of the cylinder via the second set of one or more ports at a third time, the third time being after the first time.