NANODIAMOND TEMPERATURE THERMOMETER FOR STATIC MONITORING OF TISSUE TEMPERATURE DURING MRI-GUIDED LASER ABLATION
Devices, systems, and methods to measure a baseline temperature of a tissue prior to a laser ablation procedure are disclosed. The devices can be a thermometer including an optical fiber probe and a catheter. The catheter includes nanodiamonds embedded into a wall of the catheter. The nanodiamonds are excited by light from the optical fiber probe to emit a temperature dependent fluorescent light that is received by the optical fiber probe and transmitted to a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor can process the fluorescent light to calculate a temperature. The thermometer can be positioned adjacent to or within a target tissue structure prior to a laser ablation procedure to measure the baseline temperature. The baseline temperature can be input into a magnetic resonance imaging system to calculate a thermal damage estimate.
1 . A temperature monitoring system, comprising:
a probe comprising an optical fiber cable configured to emit light and receive light;
a sensor coupled to the probe to process the received light; and
a catheter comprising a plurality of nanodiamonds, wherein the probe is configured to be selectively slidingly disposed within the catheter and the optical fiber is configured to interface with the nanodiamonds; and
wherein the sensor determines a tissue temperature based on the received light that is emitted from the nanodiamonds.
2 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the optical fiber cable comprises a light emitting fiber and a light receiving fiber.
3 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the probe further comprises a laser fiber for laser ablation.
4 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of nanodiamonds comprises a nitrogen-vacancy color center, and wherein the optical fiber cable is configured to emit light to excite each of the nitrogen-vacancy color centers, and wherein the optical fiber cable is configured to receive fluorescent light from the excited nitrogen-vacancy color centers.
5 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 4 , wherein the emitted light comprises a wavelength of 532 nm.
6 . The temperature monitoring systems of claim 4 , wherein the fluorescent light comprises a wavelength ranging between 600 nm and 800 nm.
7 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 4 , wherein an intensity of the fluorescent light changes in correlation with a temperature change of each of the plurality of nanodiamonds.
8 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of nanodiamonds are embedded in a wall of the catheter.
9 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of nanodiamonds are embedded in a longitudinal strip along at least a portion of a length of the catheter.
10 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 9 , wherein a width of the longitudinal strip comprises an arc length of from 15 degrees to 180 degrees of a circumference of the catheter.
11 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the temperature probe is configured to measure a baseline tissue temperature prior to initiation of a laser ablation procedure.
12 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 11 , wherein the baseline temperature is provided to a laser ablation system to determine settings of the laser ablation procedure.
13 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the temperature probe is configured to measure an intra-ablation tissue temperature during a laser ablation procedure.
14 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 13 , wherein the intra-ablation tissue temperature is provided to a laser ablation system to adjust settings of the laser ablation procedure intra-procedurally.
15 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein in the nanodiamonds are configured to interface directly with a patient's tissue to measure the tissue temperature.
16 . The temperature monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the nanodiamonds are configured to thermally transition to the tissue temperature.
17 . A method of measuring a baseline tissue temperature prior to a laser ablation procedure, comprising:
positioning a temperature probe adjacent to or within a target tissue structure;
measuring the baseline tissue temperature adjacent or within the target tissue structure prior to initiation of the laser ablation procedure;
performing laser ablation of the target tissue structure based on the baseline tissue temperature; and
determining a thermal damage estimate of the target tissue structure.
18 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
exciting a nitrogen-vacancy color center of a nanodiamond with light emitted from an optical fiber from within a catheter, wherein the nanodiamond is embedded within a wall of the catheter; and
receiving fluorescent light from the excited nitrogen-vacancy color center with the optical fiber.
19 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
receiving data from the optical fiber by a processing unit; and
performing a spectral analysis of the data to determine the baseline temperature.
20 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
positioning the nanodiamond and the optical fiber at a position within a target tissue structure; and
maintaining the position of the nanodiamond and the optical fiber within the target tissue structure during the laser ablation procedure.
21 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
positioning the nanodiamond and the optical fiber at a position adjacent a target tissue structure; and
removing the nanodiamond and the optical fiber prior to the laser ablation procedure.
22 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising providing the measured baseline temperature to a laser ablation system to determine laser ablation procedure settings.
23 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the laser ablation procedure settings include any one of ablation time, laser frequency, laser amplitude, tumor temperature, ablation boundary, or any combination thereof.
24 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising imaging the target tissue structure during the laser ablation procedure using an MRI system, wherein the temperature probe captures a temperature of the tissue while the MRI system is in use.
25 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the target tissue structure is a tumor.
26 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the target tissue structure is a tumor.
27 . A method of measuring an intra-procedure tissue temperature during a laser ablation procedure, comprising:
positioning a temperature probe within a target tissue structure;
performing laser ablation of the target tissue structure;
measuring the intra-procedure tissue temperature of the target tissue structure during laser ablation of the target tissue structure; and
determining a thermal damage estimate based on the measured intra-procedure tissue temperature of the target tissue structure.
28 . The method of claim 27 , further comprising:
exciting a nitrogen-vacancy color center of a nanodiamond with light emitted from an optical fiber from within a catheter, wherein the nanodiamond is embedded within a wall of the catheter; and
receiving fluorescent light from the excited nitrogen-vacancy color center with the optical fiber.
29 . The method of claim 28 , further comprising performing a spectral analysis of the received fluorescent light to determine the baseline temperature.
30 . The method of claim 28 , further comprising:
positioning the nanodiamond and the optical fiber at a position within a target tissue structure; and
maintaining the position of the nanodiamond and the optical fiber within the target tissue structure during the laser ablation procedure.
31 . The method of claim 29 , further comprising providing the measured intra-procedure temperature to a laser ablation system during the laser ablation procedure to determine laser ablation procedure settings.
32 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the laser ablation procedure settings include any one of ablation time, laser frequency, laser amplitude, tumor temperature, ablation boundary, or any combination thereof.
33 . The method of claim 28 , further comprising imaging the target tissue structure during the laser ablation procedure using an MRI system.
34 . The method of claim 30 , wherein capture the intra-procedure tissue temperature of the tissue is measured while an image of the tissue is captured with an MRI system.
35 . A laser ablation system, comprising:
an ablation probe, comprising:
a laser fiber configured to emit laser energy to ablate tissue;
one or more optical fibers configured to emit and/or receive light; and
a catheter comprising a plurality of nanodiamonds, wherein the ablation probe is configured to be selectively slidingly disposed within the catheter; and
wherein the nanodiamonds are configured to thermally couple with adjacent tissue and to indicate a measure of tissue temperature in response to light emitted from the one or more optical fibers.
36 . The laser ablation system of claim 35 , wherein each of the plurality of nanodiamonds comprises a nitrogen-vacancy color center, and wherein the optical fiber is configured to emit light to excite each of the nitrogen-vacancy color centers, and wherein the optical fiber is configured to receive fluorescent light from the excited nitrogen-vacancy color centers.
37 . The laser ablation system of claim 36 , wherein the emitted light comprises a wavelength of 532 nm.
38 . The laser ablation system of claim 36 , wherein the fluorescent light comprises a wavelength ranging between 600 nm and 800 nm.
39 . The laser ablation system of claim 35 , wherein an intensity of the fluorescent light changes in correlation with a temperature change of each of the plurality of nanodiamonds.
40 . The laser ablation system of claim 35 , wherein the plurality of nanodiamonds are embedded in a wall of the catheter.
41 . The laser ablation system of claim 40 , wherein the plurality of nanodiamonds are embedded in a longitudinal strip.
42 . The laser ablation system of claim 41 , wherein a width of the longitudinal strip comprises an arc length of from 15 degrees to 180 degrees of a circumference of the catheter.
43 . The laser ablation system of claim 36 , wherein a baseline tissue temperature is measured prior to initiation of a laser ablation procedure.
44 . The laser ablation system of claim 43 , wherein the baseline temperature is provided to a laser ablation system to determine settings of the laser ablation procedure.
45 . The laser ablation system of claim 35 , wherein an intra-ablation tissue temperature is measured during a laser ablation procedure.
46 . The laser ablation system of claim 45 , wherein the intra-ablation tissue temperature is provided to a laser ablation system to adjust parameters of the laser ablation procedure intra-procedurally.
47 . The laser ablation system of claim 35 , further comprising:
a processing unit to:
measure, via the light received by the optical fiber, a tissue temperature adjacent the nanodiamonds.
48 . The laser ablation system of claim 47 , wherein the tissue temperature is measured while an image of the tissue is captured with an MRI system.
49 . A thermometer, comprising:
a probe comprising an optical fiber; and
a catheter comprising a plurality of optical elements configured to thermally engage tissue of a patient, wherein the optical fiber is used to optically interact with the plurality of optical elements and thereby capture a temperature of the tissue while an image of the tissue is captured with an MRI system.
50 . The thermometer of claim 49 , wherein the plurality of optical elements include a plurality of nanodiamonds.
51 . The thermometer of claim 49 , wherein in the plurality of optical elements are configured to interface directly with a patient's tissue to capture the temperature of the tissue.
52 . The thermometer of claim 49 , wherein the plurality of optical elements are configured to thermally transition to the temperature of the tissue.
53 . The thermometer of claim 49 , wherein the temperature of the tissue is captured prior to a laser ablation procedure.
54 . The thermometer of claim 49 , wherein the temperature of the tissue is captured during a laser ablation procedure.