Process for preparing extracellular vesicles
The present disclosure relates to multistep chromatographic methods for preparing extracellular vesicles (EVs). The methods were demonstrated to be effective in preparing high-quality EVs in a large scale. The methods enable preparation of EVs for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, and isolation and/or sub-fractionation of EVs with desired properties for specific use.
1 . A method of preparing purified extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a sample comprising EVs by a multistep process comprising: (i) contacting the sample with a cation exchange chromatography (CEX) resin (“CEX-process”), thereby obtaining a CEX-processed sample, (ii) contacting the CEX-processed sample with an anion exchange chromatography (AEX) resin (“AEX-process”), thereby obtaining an AEX-processed sample, and (iii) contacting the AEX-processed sample with a mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) resin (“MMC-process”), thereby obtaining an MMC-processed sample,
wherein the sample is contacted with a nuclease, thereby obtaining a nuclease-treated sample, prior to the CEX process, the AEX process, or both.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the CEX process is the same as or lower than the pH of the AEX process.
3 . A method of preparing purified extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a sample comprising EVs by a multistep process comprising: (i) contacting the sample with a cation exchange chromatography (CEX) resin (“CEX-process”), thereby obtaining a CEX-processed sample, (ii) contacting the CEX-processed sample with an anion exchange chromatography (AEX) resin (“AEX-process”), thereby obtaining an AEX-processed sample, and (iii) contacting the AEX-processed sample with a mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) resin (“MMC-process”), thereby obtaining an MMC-processed sample, wherein the sample is contacted with a nuclease, thereby obtaining a nuclease-treated sample, prior to the CEX process, the AEX process, or both,
wherein the CEX process is repeated two to six times, and/or the AEX process is repeated two to five times.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprising EVs has been pretreated prior to the CEX-process, the MMC-process, and/or the AEX-process, wherein the pretreatment comprises a clarification step, an ultrafiltration step, a diafiltration step, or any combination thereof.
5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the sample to a depth filtration prior to the CEX-process, the AEX-process, and/or MMC-process.
6 . The of claim 1 , wherein the EVs are originated from cells comprising a transgene, wherein the transgene expresses a protein.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the EVs comprise the protein.
8 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the transgene expresses a heterologous protein that is not naturally-occurring in the EVs.
9 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the protein is Prostaglandin F2 Receptor Negative Regulator (PTGFRN), Basigin (BSG), Immunoglobulin superfamily member 3 (IGSF3), Immunoglobulin superfamily member 2 (IGSF2), Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), Integrin alpha-4 (ITGA4), 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (SLC3A2), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) transporter, brain acid soluble protein 1 (BASP1) or a fragment or a modification thereof.
10 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the protein is linked to a biologically active molecule.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the CEX resin, the AEX resin, and/or the MMC resin comprises a base matrix, wherein the base matrix is a membrane, a monolith, a hydrogel, a porous device, a nanofiber, a composite resin, or a beaded resin.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the base matrix comprises cellulose, agarose, polystyrene derivatives, polyvinylether, silica, methacrylate derivatives, glass, ceramic hydroxyapatite, or acrylamide.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the EVs are exosomes.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is obtained from perfusion cell culture, batch cell culture, or fed batch cell culture.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the MMC resin comprises at least two ligands, wherein a first ligand is a hydrophobic base ligand, and a second ligand is a cation exchange ligand.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the MMC resin comprises at least two ligands, wherein a first ligand is a hydrophobic base ligand, and a second ligand is an anion exchange ligand.