Flow cytometry evaluation of biological material for unassociated virus-size particles
A method for evaluating a biological material for unassociated virus-size particles having a particular epitope uses a fluorescent antibody stain specific for binding with the epitope and a fluid sample with the virus-size particles and fluorescent antibody stain is subjected to flow cytometry with identification of fluorescent emission detection events indicative of passage through a flow cell of a flow cytometer of unassociated labeled particles of virus size including such a virus-size particle and fluorescent antibody stain.
1. A flow cytometry method for evaluating a biological material sample for the presence of unassociated virus-size particles having a target epitope, the method comprising:
subjecting to flow cytometry a fluid sample comprising at least a portion of the biological material sample and a fluorescent antibody stain with an antibody targeted to bind, directly or indirectly, with the target epitope to form unassociated labeled particles of virus size, the unassociated labeled particles including a said virus-size particle fluorescently labeled with the fluorescent antibody stain, the flow cytometry comprising:
flowing the fluid sample through a flow cell of a flow cytometer;
subjecting the fluid sample flowing through the flow cell to excitation radiation capable of causing a fluorescent emission response from the fluorescent antibody stain; and
detecting radiation from the flow cell within a wavelength range of the fluorescent emission response and evaluating the detected radiation to identify detection events indicative of passage through the flow cell of the unassociated labeled particles; and
the fluorescent antibody stain being a first fluorescent stain and the fluid sample comprising a second fluorescent stain, different than the first fluorescent stain, comprising a fluorogenic nucleic acid stain.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer includes a concentration of unbound said fluorescent antibody stain, not bound in the unassociated labeled particles, in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter.
3. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
preparing the fluid sample, comprising mixing the at least a portion of the biological material with the fluorescent antibody stain and, after the mixing, not removing unbound said fluorescent antibody stain, not bound in the unassociated labeled particles, from the fluid sample prior to the flow cytometry.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flow cytometry is in the absence of particle identification by light scatter detection.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unassociated labeled particles have a size with a maximum cross dimension in a range of from 20 nanometers to 1 micron.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule with an average of from 3 to 8 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unassociated labeled particles have a size with a maximum cross dimension in a range of from 40 nanometers to 600 nanometers.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the virus-size particles comprise virus-like particles.
9. The method of claim 1 , comprising preparing the fluid sample, comprising mixing the at least a portion of the biological material with the fluorescent antibody stain and, after the mixing, not removing unbound said fluorescent antibody stain, not bound in the unassociated labeled particles, from the fluid sample prior to the flow cytometry, and wherein:
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer includes a concentration of unbound said fluorescent antibody stain, not bound in the unassociated labeled particles, in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter;
the flow cytometry is in the absence of particle identification by light scatter detection; and
the unassociated labeled particles have a size with a maximum cross dimension in a range of from 40 nanometers to 600 nanometers.
10. A flow cytometry method for evaluating a biological material sample for the presence of unassociated virus-size particles having a target epitope, the method comprising:
subjecting to flow cytometry a fluid sample comprising at least a portion of the biological material sample and a fluorescent antibody stain with an antibody targeted to bind, directly or indirectly, with the target epitope to form unassociated labeled particles of virus size, the unassociated labeled particles including a said virus-size particle fluorescently labeled with the fluorescent antibody stain, the flow cytometry comprising:
flowing the fluid sample through a flow cell of a flow cytometer;
subjecting the fluid sample flowing through the flow cell to excitation radiation capable of causing a fluorescent emission response from the fluorescent antibody stain; and
detecting radiation from the flow cell within a wavelength range of the fluorescent emission response and evaluating the detected radiation to identify detection events indicative of passage through the flow cell of the unassociated labeled particles; and
the flow cytometry being in the absence of identification of the unassociated labeled particles using light scatter detection.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer includes a concentration of unbound said fluorescent antibody stain, not bound in the unassociated labeled particles, in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter.
12. The method of claim 10 , comprising:
preparing the fluid sample, comprising mixing the at least a portion of the biological material with the fluorescent antibody stain and, after the mixing, not removing unbound said fluorescent antibody stain, not bound in the unassociated labeled particles, from the fluid sample prior to the flow cytometry.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
the unassociated labeled particles have a size with a maximum cross dimension in a range of from 20 nanometers to 1 micron; and
the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule with an average of from 3 to 8 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the virus-size particles comprise virus-like particles.
15. A flow cytometry method for evaluating a biological material sample for the presence of unassociated virus-size particles having a target epitope, the method comprising:
preparing a fluid sample, the preparing the fluid sample comprising mixing biological material to be evaluated for presence of the unassociated particles with a fluorescent antibody stain with an antibody targeted to bind, directly or indirectly, with the target epitope to form unassociated labeled particles of virus size, the unassociated labeled particles including a said virus-size particle fluorescently labeled with the fluorescent antibody stain;
subjecting to flow cytometry the fluid sample, the flow cytometry comprising:
flowing the fluid sample through a flow cell of a flow cytometer;
subjecting the fluid sample flowing through the flow cell to excitation radiation capable of causing a fluorescent emission response from the fluorescent antibody stain; and
detecting radiation from the flow cell within a wavelength range of the fluorescent emission response and evaluating the detected radiation to identify detection events indicative of passage through the flow cell of the unassociated labeled particles; and
after the mixing, not removing unbound said fluorescent antibody stain, not bound in the unassociated labeled particles, from the fluid sample prior to the flow cytometry.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer includes a concentration of the unbound said fluorescent antibody stain in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the unassociated labeled particles have a size with a maximum cross dimension in a range of from 20 nanometers to 1 micron; and
the fluorescent antibody stain comprises a fluorophore attached to an antibody molecule with an average of from 3 to 8 of the fluorophore attached per antibody molecule.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the virus-size particles comprise virus-like particles.
19. A flow cytometry method for evaluating a biological material sample for the presence of unassociated virus-size particles having a target epitope, the method comprising:
subjecting to flow cytometry a fluid sample comprising at least a portion of the biological material sample and a fluorescent antibody stain with an antibody targeted to bind, directly or indirectly, with the target epitope to form unassociated labeled particles of virus size, the unassociated labeled particles including a said virus-size particle fluorescently labeled with the fluorescent antibody stain, the flow cytometry comprising:
flowing the fluid sample through a flow cell of a flow cytometer;
subjecting the fluid sample flowing through the flow cell to excitation radiation capable of causing a fluorescent emission response from the fluorescent antibody stain; and
detecting radiation from the flow cell within a wavelength range of the fluorescent emission response and evaluating the detected radiation to identify detection events indicative of passage through the flow cell of the unassociated labeled particles; and
the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer comprising a concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain, not bound in the unassociated labeled particles, in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the fluid sample as fed to the flow cytometer includes a total concentration of the fluorescent antibody stain in a range of from 0.5 microgram per milliliter to 10 micrograms per milliliter.