Systems, methods, and apparatus for external cardiac pacing
Systems and methods for cardiac pacing during a procedure are disclosed and may include an external pulse generator (EPG) for connecting to a lead. A remote-control module (RCM) wirelessly connected to the EPG may include user inputs to control the EPG. A central processing unit (CPU) with a memory unit for storing code and a processor for executing the code may be included where the CPU is connected to the EPG and RCM. The code may control the EPG in response to user input from the RCM. The CPU may be disposed in the EPG or the RCM, or an interface module (IM) configured to communicate between an otherwise conventional EPG and the RCM. The executable code may perform a continuity test (CT) routine, a capture check (CC) routine, rapid pacing (RP) routine, and/or a back-up pacing (BP) routine, in response to user input from the RCM.
1. A system for cardiac pacing, the system comprising:
an external pulse generator (EPG) configured to connect to an intracardiac lead and to provide pacing outputs; and
a central processing unit (CPU) operably connected to the EPG, the CPU including code having instructions, wherein the CPU is configured to execute the code to perform a rapid pacing (RP) routine, the RP routine comprising:
modifying a paced pulse rate (PPR) of a first pacing output to generate a second pacing output, of the pacing outputs;
in response to generating the second pacing output, sensing a cardiac electrical signal of intracardiac tissue;
further in response to generating the second pacing output, automatically determining if a PPR of the second pacing output meets a predetermined setting for elevating a heart rate (HR) to an elevated HR above an intrinsic HR based on the sensed cardiac electrical signal;
generating a first indicator indicating that the modified PPR meets the predetermined setting, when the modified PPR is determined to meet the predetermined setting; and
modifying the PPR of the second pacing output to generate a third pacing output, of the pacing outputs, wherein a PPR of the third pacing output is lower than the PPR of the second pacing output.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensed electrical signal is one of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal or an electrogram (EGM) signal.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the CPU is further configured to execute the code to perform a continuity test (CT) routine, the CT routine comprising:
determining that the intracardiac lead is connected to the EPG; and
generating a second indicator indicating that the intracardiac lead is connected to the EPG, when the intracardiac lead is determined to be connected to the EPG.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the EPG comprise one or more accessory buttons, the CT routine further comprising disabling the one or more accessory buttons in response to determining that the intracardiac lead is connected to the EPG.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the RP routine further comprises:
in response to automatically determining if the PPR of the second pacing output meets the predetermined setting for elevating the HR to the elevated HR, automatically maintaining the second pacing output.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the RP routine further comprises:
in response to automatically determining if the PPR of the second pacing output meets the predetermined setting for elevating the HR to the elevated HR, automatically maintaining the second pacing output, and wherein the second pacing output is automatically maintained to allow completion of a cardiac intervention.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein modifying the PPR of the first pacing output to generate a second pacing output is based on an automatic PPR ramp up subroutine.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises a guidewire connector connected to the EPG, the guidewire connector being configured to penetrate a partial insulative outer portion of the intracardiac lead to establish electrical communication with a guidewire of the intracardiac lead.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the CPU is further configured to execute the code to perform a capture check (CC) routine, the CC routine comprising:
ramping up the PPR of the first pacing output to a ramped up PPR;
receiving a sensed HR;
determining if the sensed HR is approximately the same as the ramped up PPR; and
generating a second indicator, the second indicator indicative of a 1 : 1 capture in response to determining if the sensed HR is approximately the same as the ramped up PPR.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the CC routine further includes an automatic rate determination subroutine.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the CC routine further includes at least one of a manual capture rate determination subroutine or a capture verification subroutine.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the capture verification subroutine monitors capture over a period of at least one respiratory cycle.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the CPU is further configured to execute the code to perform a back-up pacing (BP) routine, the BP routine comprising:
in response to modifying the PPR of the second pacing output to generate a third pacing output, determining if an HR is inhibited; and
generating a second indicator indicative of inhibition in response to determining if the HR is inhibited.