COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR INHIBITING VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL PROLIFERATION
The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in a subject that does not have a deficiency of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) resulting in a pathological disease of calcification or ossification by administering an ENPP1 agent or an ENPP3 agent.
1 - 149 . (canceled)
150 . An arterial stent coated with an ENPP1 or ENPP3 agent for reducing and/or preventing progression of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in a subject having a tissue injury or in a subject who has a condition requiring surgery at a surgical site, wherein said stent is implanted into an artery of the subject proximal to said tissue injury or said surgical site, and wherein said implanted stent is configured to release said ENPP1 or ENPP3 agent in an amount effective to reduce and/or prevent progression of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation at the site of injury or the surgical site in the subject.
151 . The stent of claim 150 , wherein the subject is not ENPP1 deficient, or the subject is at risk of developing restenosis.
152 . The stent of claim 150 , wherein the tissue injury comprises an injury to an artery, or the tissue injury comprises a prior stent placement in an artery.
153 . The stent of claim 150 , wherein the tissue injury or the condition requiring surgery is due to a prior placement of a non-eluting arterial stent in said artery or due to a prior placement of an eluting arterial stent in said artery which elutes therapeutic agents other than the ENPP1 agent.
154 . The stent of claim 150 , wherein the required surgery comprises artery bypass grafting, placement of an arterial stent, and/or angioplasty.
155 . The stent of claim 150 , wherein the subject is suffering from a myocardial infraction or stroke.
156 . The stent of claim 150 , wherein the ENPP1 or ENPP1 agent comprises ENPP1 or ENPP3 variants that retain enzymatic activity.
157 . The stent of claim 150 , wherein the stent further comprises a carrier for said ENPP1 or ENPP3 agent and said stent is configured to release said ENPP1 or ENPP3 agent at a rate of 1-10 μg/ml per day to said subject.
158 . The stent of claim 150 , wherein the ENPP1 agent or ENPP3 agent comprises: an ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide; a nucleic acid encoding an ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide; or a viral vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding an ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide.
159 . The stent of claim 158 , wherein the ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide comprises an extracellular domain, or a catalytic domain.
160 . The stent of claim 159 , wherein the ENPP1 polypeptide comprises amino acids 99 to 925 of SEQ ID NO:1, or wherein the ENPP3 polypeptide comprises amino acids 49-875 of SEQ ID NO: 7.
161 . The stent of claim 158 , wherein the ENPP1 agent is selected from a group consisting of: ENPP1, ENPP1-Fc, ENPP1-Albumin, and ENPP1 mRNA; or the ENPP3 agent is selected from a group consisting of: ENPP3, ENPP3-Fc, ENPP3-Albumin, and ENPP3 mRNA.
162 . The stent of claim 158 , wherein the ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide comprises a heterologous protein, optionally wherein the heterologous protein increases the circulating half-life of the ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide in mammal.
163 . The stent of claim 162 , wherein the heterologous protein is: an Fc region of an immunoglobulin molecule, optionally wherein the immunoglobulin molecule is an IgG1 molecule; or an albumin molecule.
164 . The stent of claim 157 , wherein the carrier is non-reactive with the ENPP1 or ENPP3 agent and the carrier comprises a polymeric carrier or a nonpolymeric carrier, and said carrier is physically or chemically bound to the ENPP1 or ENPP3 agent.
165 . The stent of claim 164 , wherein the nonpolymeric carrier is selected from a group consisting of: Vitamin E, Vitamin E acetate, Vitamin E succinate, oleic acid, peanut oil and cottonseed oil.
166 . A method for reducing and/or preventing progression of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in a subject having a tissue injury or a subject who has a condition requiring surgery at a surgical site, said method comprising: administering to the subject an amount of an ENPP1 or ENPP3 agent effective to reduce and/or prevent progression of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation at the site of injury or the surgical site in the subject.
167 . The method of claim 166 , wherein the subject is not ENPP1 deficient, or the subject is at risk of developing restenosis.
168 . The method of claim 166 , wherein the tissue injury comprises an injury to an artery or the tissue injury comprises a prior stent placement in an artery.
169 . The method of claim 166 , wherein the tissue injury or the condition requiring surgery is due to a prior placement of a non-eluting arterial stent in said artery or due to a prior placement of an eluting arterial stent in said artery which elutes therapeutic agents other than the ENPP1 agent.
170 . The method of claim 166 , wherein the required surgery comprises artery bypass grafting, placement of an arterial stent, and/or angioplasty.
171 . The method of claim 166 , wherein the subject is suffering from a myocardial infraction or stroke.
172 . The method of claim 166 , wherein the ENPP1 or ENPP1 agent comprises ENPP1 or ENPP3 variants that retain enzymatic activity.
173 . The method of claim 166 , wherein the ENPP1 agent or ENPP3 agent comprises: an ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide; a nucleic acid encoding an ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide; or a viral vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding an ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide.
174 . The method of claim 173 , wherein the ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide comprises the extracellular domain, or the catalytic domain of ENPP1 or ENPP3.
175 . The method of claim 174 , wherein the ENPP1 polypeptide comprises amino acids 99 to 925 of SEQ ID NO:1, or wherein the ENPP3 polypeptide comprises amino acids 49-875 of SEQ ID NO: 7.
176 . The method of claim 173 , wherein the ENPP1 agent is selected from a group consisting of: ENPP1, ENPP1-Fc, ENPP1-Albumin, and ENPP1 mRNA; or the ENPP3 agent is selected from a group consisting of: ENPP3, ENPP3-Fc, ENPP3-Albumin, and ENPP3 mRNA.
177 . The method of claim 173 , wherein the ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide comprises a heterologous protein, optionally wherein the heterologous protein increases the circulating half-life of the ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide in mammal.
178 . The method of claim 177 , wherein the heterologous protein is: an Fc region of an immunoglobulin molecule, optionally wherein the immunoglobulin molecule is an IgG1 molecule; or an albumin molecule.
179 . The method of claim 177 , wherein the heterologous protein is carboxy terminal to the ENPP1 or ENPP3 peptide and/or wherein the ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide comprises a linker, and wherein the linker separates the ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptide and the heterologous protein.