Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same
A forest fire retardant composition contains water and a retardant compound that includes a halide salt, a non-halide salt, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, or combinations thereof. The halide salt may be magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, or both. The magnesium chloride hydrate has a formula MgCl 2 (H 2 O) x , wherein x is at least one of x=1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12. The calcium chloride hydrate has a formula CaCl 2 (H 2 O) x , wherein x is at least one of 1, 2, 4, or 6. The composition may be in the form of a liquid concentrate or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.
1. A forest fire retardant liquid concentrate, comprising:
a magnesium chloride salt solution comprising magnesium chloride dissolved in water, the magnesium chloride being present in the magnesium chloride salt solution in an amount having a weight percent of about 15% to about 45% relative to the total weight of the magnesium chloride salt solution, and the magnesium chloride salt solution being present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 85% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, or aluminum, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 5.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride in the liquid concentrate; and
a thickening agent, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride in the liquid concentrate.
2. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium chloride is present in the magnesium chloride salt solution in a weight percent of about 25% to about 35% relative to the total weight of the magnesium chloride salt solution.
3. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises an organic amine.
4. The liquid concentrate of claim 3 , wherein the organic amine comprises triethanolamine.
5. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the thickening agent comprises a polysaccharide gum.
6. The liquid concentrate of claim 5 , wherein the polysaccharide gum comprises xanthan gum.
7. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising a colorant present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 6.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride in the liquid concentrate.
8. The liquid concentrate of claim 7 , wherein the colorant comprises a fluorescent pigment.
9. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising a surfactant present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.01% to about 1.25% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride in the liquid concentrate.
10. A kit comprising:
a sealed container which contains the liquid concentrate of claim 1 substantially in the absence of external moisture; and
instructions for using the liquid concentrate to make a final diluted product useful to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires.
11. The kit of claim 10 , wherein the magnesium chloride is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 7% to about 30% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product.
12. The kit of claim 10 , further comprising:
a tank for diluting the liquid concentrate to make the final diluted product; and
a wand or a hose for applying the final diluted product.
13. A forest fire retardant liquid concentrate, comprising:
a liquid salt solution comprising magnesium chloride dissolved in water;
an organic amine present in the liquid concentrate in a weight percent of about 1.0% to about 3.5% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride in the liquid concentrate; and
a surfactant present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.01% to about 1.25% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride in the liquid concentrate.
14. The liquid concentrate of claim 13 , wherein the liquid salt solution is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 85% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate.
15. The liquid concentrate of claim 13 , wherein the magnesium chloride is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 20% to 45% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate.
16. The liquid concentrate of claim 13 , wherein the magnesium chloride is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 25% to about 35% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate.
17. The liquid concentrate of claim 13 , wherein the organic amine comprises triethanolamine.
18. The liquid concentrate of claim 13 , further comprising a thickening agent present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride in the liquid concentrate.
19. The liquid concentrate of claim 18 , wherein the thickening agent comprises a polysaccharide gum.
20. The liquid concentrate of claim 19 , wherein the polysaccharide gum comprises xanthan gum.
21. The liquid concentrate of claim 13 , further comprising a colorant present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.25% to about 6.0% relative to the weight of the magnesium chloride in the liquid concentrate.
22. The liquid concentrate of claim 21 , wherein the colorant comprises a fluorescent pigment.
23. A kit comprising:
a sealed container which contains the liquid concentrate of claim 13 substantially in the absence of external moisture; and
instructions for using the liquid concentrate to make a final diluted product useful to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires.
24. The kit of claim 23 , wherein the magnesium salt is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 7% to about 30% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product.
25. The kit of claim 23 , further comprising:
a tank for diluting the liquid concentrate to make the final diluted product; and
a wand or a hose for applying the final diluted product.