Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same
A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a phosphate salt. The phosphate salt may include diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, or dipotassium phosphate, and combinations thereof. The forest fire retardant composition may include an ammonium source. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.
1. A forest fire retardant concentrate, comprising:
a retardant compound comprising:
at least one of monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate, or sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate; and
at least one of diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, or trisodium phosphate;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 3.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate;
a strong base or weak base; and
a thickening agent, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate;
wherein:
the concentrate has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than about 1.05 or greater than about 1.95.
2. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein:
the retardant compound comprises monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate; and
the N/P molar ratio is 1.
3. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the strong base or weak base comprises disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium acetate, trisodium citrate, trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, diammonium citrate, sodium borate, sodium N-Cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonate, sodium 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonate, sodium N-(2-Acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonate, sodium N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonate, sodium 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonate, sodium 3-[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propane-1-sulfonate, sodium sulfide, zinc chloride hydroxide, magnesium oxychloride, aluminum hydroxide, bismuth oxychloride, beryllium hydroxide, boron hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, cobalt(III) hydroxide, copper(II) hydroxide, gallium(III) hydroxide, gold(III) hydroxide, indium(II) hydroxide, iridium(III) hydroxide, iron(III) hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, molybdenum hydroxide, nickel oxo-hydroxide, nickel(III) hydroxide, osmium(IV) hydroxide, silver hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, technetium(II) hydroxide, thorium hydroxide, tin(IV) hydroxide, titanium(III) hydroxide, tungsten(II) hydroxide, yttrium hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, bismuth(III) hydroxide, cerium(III) hydroxide, chromium(II) hydroxide, cobalt(II) hydroxide, copper(I) hydroxide, gallium(II) hydroxide, gold(I) hydroxide, indium(I) hydroxide, indium(III) hydroxide, iron(II) hydroxide, lanthanum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, neodymium hydroxide, nickel(II) hydroxide, niobium hydroxide, palladium(II) hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, tantalum(V) hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, thallium(III) hydroxide, tin(II) hydroxide, titanium(II) hydroxide, titanium(IV) hydroxide, uranyl hydroxide, vanadium(III) hydroxide, ytterbium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, or a basic organic amine.
4. The concentrate of claim 3 , wherein the strong base or weak base comprises disodium phosphate.
5. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises an alkyl amine, one or more azoles, and disodium molybdate dihydrate.
6. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the thickening agent comprises a polysaccharide gum.
7. The concentrate of claim 6 , wherein the polysaccharide gum comprises xanthan gum.
8. The concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising a colorant, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.04% to about 6.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate, wherein the colorant comprises at least one of an inorganic pigment and an organic pigment.
9. The concentrate of claim 8 , wherein the organic pigment comprises a fluorescent pigment.
10. The concentrate of claim 8 , wherein the inorganic pigment comprises iron oxide.
11. The concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising a surfactant present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.04% to about 2.5% relative to the total weight of the concentrate.
12. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the concentrate is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
13. The concentrate of claim 12 , wherein the retardant compound is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 62% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
14. A kit comprising:
a sealed container which contains the dry concentrate of claim 12 substantially in the absence of external moisture; and
instructions for using the dry concentrate to make a final diluted product useful to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires.
15. The kit of claim 14 , further comprising:
a tank for diluting the dry concentrate to make the final diluted product; and
a wand or a hose for applying the final diluted product.
16. The concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising water;
wherein:
the concentrate is a final diluted product intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires;
the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 6% to about 28% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product; and
the final diluted product has a pH of about 5.2 to about 6.8.
17. A forest fire retardant concentrate, comprising:
a retardant compound comprising:
monoammonium phosphate;
diammonium phosphate; and
disodium phosphate;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 3.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate;
a thickening agent, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate;
wherein:
the concentrate has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than about 1.05.
18. The concentrate of claim 17 , wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, monosodium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate, dicalcium diphosphate, calcium triphosphate, hydroxyapatite, apatite, or tetracalcium phosphate.
19. The concentrate of claim 17 , wherein the N/P ratio is 1.
20. The concentrate of claim 17 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises an alkyl amine, one or more azoles, and disodium molybdate dihydrate.
21. The concentrate of claim 17 , wherein the thickening agent comprises a polysaccharide gum.
22. The concentrate of claim 21 , wherein the polysaccharide gum comprises xanthan gum.
23. The concentrate of claim 17 , further comprising a colorant, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.04% to about 6.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate, wherein the colorant comprises at least one of an inorganic pigment and an organic pigment.
24. The concentrate of claim 23 , wherein the organic pigment comprises a fluorescent pigment.
25. The concentrate of claim 23 , wherein the inorganic pigment comprises iron oxide.
26. The concentrate of claim 17 , further comprising a surfactant present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.04% to about 2.5% relative to the total weight of the concentrate.
27. The concentrate of claim 17 , wherein the concentrate is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
28. The concentrate of claim 27 , wherein the retardant compound is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 62% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
29. A kit comprising:
a sealed container which contains the dry concentrate of claim 27 substantially in the absence of external moisture; and
instructions for using the dry concentrate to make a final diluted product useful to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires.
30. The kit of claim 29 , further comprising:
a tank for diluting the dry concentrate to make the final diluted product; and
a wand or a hose for applying the final diluted product.
31. The concentrate of claim 17 , further comprising water;
wherein:
the concentrate is a final diluted product intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires;
the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 6% to about 28% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product; and
the final diluted product has a pH of about 5.2 to about 6.8.