Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same
A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a potassium salt. The potassium salt may include a potassium salt of an organic acid, a potassium salt of an inorganic acid, or mixtures thereof. The organic acid may include formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, uric acid, malic acid, or citric acid. The inorganic acid may include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, or hydrochloric acid. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.
1. A forest fire retardant composition, comprising:
a retardant compound comprising potassium bicarbonate;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition;
a thickening agent, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition; and
a colorant, present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 10% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition;
wherein the potassium bicarbonate is present in the composition in an amount having a weight percent of about 45% to about 99.5% relative to the total weight of the composition.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of dipotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, or trisodium phosphate.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of potassium acetate or potassium acetate hydrate.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of an azole, an alkyl amine, iron pyrophosphate, or disodium molybdate.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one of a polyurethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, an acrylic polymer, a gum, a cellulosic, a sulfonate, a saccharide, a clay, an organosilicone, or a protein.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one polysaccharide gum.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the colorant comprises at least one a red dye, an orange dye, a purple dye, a pink dye, Iron Oxide, Iron Oxide Black, or a fluorescent pigment.
8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a buffering agent.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the buffering agent is present in the composition in a weight percent of about 1.0% to about 30% relative to the weight of the retardant compound in the composition.
10. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the buffering agent comprises at least one of an organic amine, a strong acid, a weak acid, a strong base, a weak base, triethanolamine (C 6 H 15 NO 3 ), low freeze grade triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ethylene diamine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, DABCO, N-methyl pyrrolidine, N-methylpyrrolidone, quinuclidine, diisoropryopylamine, diisopropylmethylamine, methyl piperidine, N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]glycine, 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol, or 3-(diethylamino)-1,2, propanediol, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate(s), trisodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate hydrate(s), tripotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate hydrate(s), monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate hydrate(s), sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, monopotassium citrate (KH 2 C 6 H 5 O 7 ), potassium gluconate (C 6 H 11 KO 7 ), dipotassium citrate (C 6 H 6 K 2 O 7 ), tripotassium citrate (K 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ), or tripotassium citrate monohydrate (K 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 (H 2 O) l ).
11. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a spoilage inhibitor, an anti-caking agent, a flow conditioner, an anti-foaming agent, a foaming agent, a stability additive, a biocide, a second thickening agent, a surfactant, an adjuvant, a second corrosion inhibitor, an opacifier, a second colorant, a liquid carrier, or a deduster.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the potassium bicarbonate is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 64% to about 98.5% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
14. A final diluted product formed by diluting the composition of claim 1 with water;
wherein:
the final diluted product is intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires; and
the retardant compound is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 4% to about 30% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product.
15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein:
the final diluted product is a long-term fire retardant;
the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and
the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium.
17. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP.
18. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP.
19. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP.
20. A method of combating a forest fire, the method comprising:
depositing, via aerial or ground-based application, the forest fire retardant composition of claim 14 ,
wherein the step of depositing comprises at least one of (a) a direct attack on the forest fire or (b) an indirect attack before the forest fire.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the step of depositing is performed via aerial application from an airplane or helicopter.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the step of depositing is performed via ground application from a truck.
23. The method of claim 20 , wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of dipotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, or trisodium phosphate.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the retardant compound further comprises at least one of one of potassium acetate or potassium acetate hydrate.
25. The method of claim 20 , wherein the forest fire retardant composition further comprises a buffering agent.
26. The method of claim 20 , wherein:
the forest fire retardant composition comprises a long-term fire retardant;
the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and
the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for iron, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 4.0 mils-per-year for magnesium.
28. The method of claim 26 , wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP.
29. The method of claim 26 , wherein the viscosity is between 401 cP and 800 cP.
30. The method of claim 26 , wherein the viscosity is between 801 cP and 1500 cP.