Blocking plate structure for improved acoustic transmission efficiency
An acoustic matching structure is used to increase the power radiated from a transducing element with a higher impedance into a surrounding acoustic medium with a lower acoustic impedance. The acoustic matching structure consists of a thin, substantially planar cavity bounded by a two end walls and a side wall. The end walls of the cavity are formed by a blocking plate wall and a transducing element wall separated by a short distance (less than one quarter of the wavelength of acoustic waves in the surrounding medium at the operating frequency). The end walls and side wall bound a cavity with diameter approximately equal to half of the wavelength of acoustic waves in the surrounding medium. In operation, a transducing element generates acoustic oscillations in the fluid in the cavity. The transducing element may be an actuator which generates motion of an end wall in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the cavity to excite acoustic oscillations in the fluid in the cavity, and the cavity geometry and resonant amplification increase the amplitude of the resulting pressure oscillation. The cavity side wall or end walls contain at least one aperture positioned away from the center of the cavity to allow pressure waves to propagate into the surrounding acoustic medium.
1. An acoustic matching structure for a transducer, the structure comprising:
a cavity which, in use, contains a fluid, the cavity having a substantially flat cylindrical shape;
at least one wall bounding the substantially flat cylindrical shape of the cavity;
the structure defining an area A cavity given by the average cross-sectional area in the planar dimension in the cavity within the at least one wall;
wherein the cavity has an effective wall radius r cavity defined as:
r cavity =( A cavity /π) 1/2 ; and
at least one aperture placed within the at least one wall;
wherein the cavity height h cavity is defined as the average separation within the at least one wall;
wherein an area of one of the at least one aperture (A aperture ), and A cavity satisfy the inequality:
A cavity /A aperture is greater than 2;
wherein r cavity and h cavity , satisfy the inequality:
r cavity is greater than h cavity ;
wherein, in operation, a transducing element acting on one of the cavity end walls generates acoustic oscillations in the fluid in the cavity;
and whereby, in use, the acoustic oscillations in the fluid in the cavity cause pressure waves to propagate into a surrounding acoustic medium.
2. An acoustic matching structure according to claim 1 ,
wherein, in operation, the cavity supports a resonant frequency of acoustic oscillation in the fluid, wherein: the resonant frequency determines a wavelength defined by
λ
=
c
f
,
where c is the speed of sound in the fluid; where h cavity is substantially less than half of said wavelength and
where r cavity is substantially equal to or greater than half of said wavelength;
at least one aperture is placed in within the at least one wall; and
at least one acoustic transducing element is located within the at least one wall;
such that the resulting acoustic cavity constrains the acoustic medium in the cavity to induce a resonant mode that substantially improves the transfer of acoustic energy from the transducing element to the medium outside the aperture.
3. An acoustic matching structure according to claim 1 , wherein substantially flat cylindrical shape has an aspect ratio of less than 2.
4. An acoustic matching structure according to claim 1 , wherein r cavity /h cavity is greater than 5.
5. An acoustic matching structure according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid contained in the cavity is air and the speed of sound is between 300 m/s and 400 m/s.
6. An acoustic matching structure according to claim 1 , wherein h cavity 2 /r cavity is greater than 10 −8 meters.
7. An acoustic matching structure according to claim 1 , wherein, in use, lowest resonant frequency of radial pressure oscillations in the cavity is in the range 200 Hz-2 MHz.
8. An acoustic transducer comprising:
1) an acoustic matching structure for a transducer, the structure comprising:
a cavity which, in use, contains a fluid, the cavity having a substantially flat cylindrical shape;
at least one wall bounding the substantially flat cylindrical shape of the cavity;
the structure defining an area A cavity given by the average cross-sectional area in the planar dimension in the cavity within the at least one wall;
wherein the cavity has an effective side wall radius r cavity defined as:
r cavity =( A cavity /π) 1/2 ; and
at least one aperture placed in at the at least one wall;
wherein an area of one of the at least one aperture (A aperture ), and A cavity satisfy the inequality:
A cavity /A aperture is greater than 2;
wherein the cavity height h cavity is defined as the average separation within the at least one wall;
wherein r cavity and h cavity , satisfy the inequality:
r cavity is greater than h cavity ;
wherein, in operation, a transducing element acting on one of the cavity end walls generates acoustic oscillations in the fluid in the cavity;
and whereby, in use, the acoustic oscillations in the fluid in the cavity cause pressure waves to propagate into a surrounding acoustic medium; and
2) an actuator, wherein, in use, the frequency of oscillatory motion of the actuator is within 30% of the lowest resonant frequency of radial acoustic oscillations in the cavity.
9. An acoustic transducer according to claim 8 , wherein the actuator causes motion of the one wall with a displacement profile approximating a Bessel function.
10. An acoustic transducer according to claim 8 , wherein, in use, the acoustic pressure oscillations in the cavity have a pressure antinode located within a distance of r cavity /4 of the center of the cavity.
11. An acoustic transducer according to claim 8 , wherein the displacement of the actuator follows a bending shape when actuated.
12. An acoustic transducer according to claim 8 , wherein motion of edge of the actuator is constrained by the actuator support.
13. An acoustic transducer according to claim 8 , wherein motion of the center of the actuator is unconstrained.
14. An acoustic transducer according to claim 8 , wherein the transducing element is one of: a piezoelectric actuator, an electromagnetic actuator, an electrostatic actuator, a magnetostrictive actuator, a thermoacoustic transducing element.
15. An acoustic transducer according to claim 8 , wherein motion of the actuator support is constrained by a blocking plate.
16. An acoustic transducer according to claim 15 , further comprising a thin film matching structure positioned between the transducing element and the blocking plate.
17. An acoustic transducer according to claim 15 , further comprising a thin film matching structure positioned between the blocking plate and the external acoustic medium.
18. An acoustic transducer according to claim 15 , further comprising a perforated plate matching structure containing apertures of approximately λ/4 height positioned between the transducing element and the blocking plate.
19. An acoustic according to claim 15 , further comprising a perforated plate matching structure containing apertures of approximately λ/4 height positioned between the blocking plate and the external acoustic medium.