Process for producing carbon monoxide-containing streams
A process for providing a carbon monoxide-containing stream involves a separation of synthesis gas into a hydrogen-rich gas stream and a carbon monoxide-rich gas stream containing carbon monoxide to an extent of 85% by volume or more. The separation is effected in an arrangement composed of three membrane separation stages. Prior to the performance of the membrane separation, the synthesis gas is pretreated for removal of secondary components present in the synthesis gas.
1. A process for separating synthesis gas into a hydrogen-rich gas stream and a carbon monoxide-rich gas stream in a membrane separation unit comprising at least three membrane separation stages, the process comprising:
a. providing synthesis gas and pretreating the synthesis gas for at least partial removal of one or more secondary component(s) present in the synthesis gas, to obtain a pretreated synthesis gas;
b. feeding a feed stream comprising the pretreated synthesis gas and a recyclate stream to a first separation stage to obtain a first retentate and a first permeate, wherein carbon monoxide is enriched in the first retentate and hydrogen is enriched in the first permeate;
c. feeding the first retentate to a second separation stage to obtain a second retentate and a second permeate, wherein the second retentate is withdrawn as a carbon monoxide-rich gas stream and consists of carbon monoxide to an extent of 85% by volume or more, and wherein the second permeate is recycled upstream of the first separation stage; and
d. feeding the first permeate to a third separation stage to obtain a third retentate and a third permeate, wherein the third permeate is withdrawn as a hydrogen-rich gas stream and consists of hydrogen to an extent of 70% by volume or more, and wherein the third retentate is recycled upstream of the first separation stage,
wherein the second permeate and the third retentate are combined to form the single recyclate stream and a pressure of the recyclate stream is increased with the aid of a compressor before the recyclate stream is combined with the pretreated synthesis gas upstream of the first separation stage to give the feed stream in b), wherein a ratio of the pretreated synthesis gas to the recyclate stream in the feed stream is in a range of 4:1 to 1:1.5, based on a respective standard volume flow rate of the pretreated synthesis gas and the recyclate stream,
wherein a ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas is in a range from 70:30 to 30:70, based on a respective proportion by volume of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas, and
wherein the second separation stage or the third separation stage has the highest capacity of the at least three membrane separation stages, and
wherein the synthesis gas has a CO/CH 4 ratio of more than 10 mol/mol.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second retentate consists of carbon monoxide to an extent of 87% by volume or more.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second retentate contains not more than 2% by volume of hydrogen.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the third permeate further comprises at least one further gaseous substance.
5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the third permeate contains less than 3% by volume of carbon monoxide.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a permeate-side pressure of the first separation stage is between 2.5 and 30 bar.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a retentate-side pressure of the first separation stage is at least 20 to 80 bar.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a transmembrane pressure in the first separation stage is 9 to 75 bar.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a permeate-side pressure of the second separation stage is between 2.0 and 30 bar.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature in the first separation stage, the second separation stage, and the third separation stage of the process is from 15 to 100° C.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first separation stage, the second separation stage, and the third separation stage each consist of one or more separation modules, wherein, when there are multiple separation modules in a single separation stage, the multiple separation modules are connected in parallel and/or series within the single separation stage.
12. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the one or more separation modules have a pure substance selectivity at 25° C. for hydrogen/carbon monoxide of at least 25.
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a membrane material of the at least three membrane separation stages is a material selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyamide, polysulfone, cellulose acetate and a derivative thereof, polyphenylene oxide, polysiloxane, a polymer having intrinsic microporosity, a mixed matrix membrane, a facilitated transport membrane, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, a carbon membrane, zeolite, and a mixture thereof.
14. An integrated process, comprising:
reacting C 2 to C 20 hydrocarbons having at least one olefinic double bond in an alkoxycarbonylation with a carbon monoxide stream and with an alcohol in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system in a reaction zone, wherein the carbon monoxide stream is the second retentate obtained in b) of the process according to claim 1 .
15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the pretreated synthesis gas to the recyclate stream in the feed stream is in the range of 2.5:1 to 1:1.
16. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the second retentate comprises carbon monoxide to an extent of 95% by volume or more.
17. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the at least one further gaseous substance is carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide.
18. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second separation stage has the highest capacity.
19. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the temperature in the first separation stage, the second separation stage, and the third separation stage is between 25 to 60° C.
20. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the synthesis gas has at least 40% by volume of carbon monoxide and a CO/CH 4 ratio of more than 40 mol/mol.