CALCITE SCALE INHIBITORS FOR STRESSED PROCESS CONDITIONS
A scale inhibitor composition for reducing calcium scale under stressed conditions is disclosed. The composition comprises an aqueous polymerization reaction product of an acrylic acid and a chain transfer agent, the reaction product comprising a low-molecular weight acrylic acid polymer having a weight averaged molecular weight (Mw) of from about 1,300 to about 15,000 Daltons. A method of preparing the scale inhibitor composition is also disclosed, and comprises reacting the acrylic acid and the chain transfer agent to give the reaction product comprising the acrylic acid polymer. A process for ameliorating calcite scale in a mining operation is further disclosed. The process comprises adding the scale inhibitor composition to process water comprising at least one stressed scaling condition.
1 . A scale inhibitor composition for reducing calcium scale under stressed scaling conditions, comprising:
an aqueous polymerization reaction product of an acrylic acid and a chain transfer agent, the reaction product comprising a acrylic acid polymer having a weight averaged molecular weight (Mw) of from about 1,300 to about 15,000 Daltons.
2 . The scale inhibitor composition of claim 1 , wherein the chain transfer agent comprises: (i) a thio compound; (ii) a phospho compound; (iii) an alcohol; or (iv) any combination of (i)-(iii).
3 . The scale inhibitor composition of claim 1 , wherein the chain transfer agent comprises a thio compound chosen from mercaptocarboxylic acids, alcanethiols, and combinations thereof.
4 . The scale inhibitor composition of claim 3 , wherein the thio compound comprises 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 2-mercaptoacetic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, 1-dodecanethiol, sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and/or ammonium persulfate.
5 . The scale inhibitor composition of claim 1 , wherein the chain transfer agent comprises a phosphorous compound chosen from hypophosphorous acids, sodium hypophosphites, and combinations thereof.
6 . The scale inhibitor composition of claim 1 , wherein the chain transfer agent comprises a C 1 -C 18 linear or branched alkanol.
7 . The scale inhibitor composition of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic acid polymer comprises a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from about 1,300 to about 10,000, alternatively of from about 1,300 to about 6,000, alternatively of from about 1,300 to about 3,000 Daltons.
8 . The scale inhibitor composition of claim 1 , further comprising an additional scale inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, a dispersant, or combinations thereof.
9 . The scale inhibitor composition of claim 1 , wherein the scale inhibitor composition comprises an additional scale inhibitor chosen from organic phosphonates, inorganic polyphosphates, organic chelants, polymeric chelants, and combinations thereof.
10 . The scale inhibitor composition of claim 9 , wherein the additional scale inhibitor comprises:
(i) an inorganic phosphate having the general formula Y n+2 PnO 3n+1 , where Y is Na, K, H, or combinations thereof, and n is an integer having a value of at least 6;
(ii) an organic phosphonate comprising 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid, bis(phosphonomethyl)aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid), bis(hexamethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid)), hexamethylenediaminetetra (methylene phosphonic acid), diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid, or a combination thereof; or
(iii) both (i) and (ii).
11 . A method of preparing the scale inhibitor composition of claim 1 , said method comprising:
reacting the acrylic acid and the chain transfer agent via aqueous solution polymerization to give a reaction product comprising the acrylic acid polymer, thereby preparing the scale inhibitor composition.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the acrylic acid and the chain transfer agent are reacted in the presence of a free radical initiator.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the free radical initiator comprises a peroxy compound, a persulfate compound, an azonitrile compound, or a combination thereof.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the free radical initiator comprises potassium or sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium bisulfite, or a combination thereof.
15 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising adjusting the % solids and/or the pH of the reaction product comprising the acrylic acid polymer.
16 . A process for ameliorating calcite scale in a mining operation, comprising:
adding the scale inhibitor composition of claim 1 to a process water comprising at least one scaling condition selected from: (i) a pH of at least 11; (ii) a carbonate content of at least 200 ppm expressed as CaCO 3 ; (iii) a calcium ion content of at least 1000 ppm expressed as CaCO 3 ; (iv) a calcium saturation index of at least 500; or (v) any combination of (i)-(iv).
17 . The process of claim 16 , wherein the scale inhibitor composition is added to the process water in an amount sufficient to provide an aqueous phase concentration of the acrylic acid polymer of from 2 to 12 ppm.
18 . The process of claim 16 , wherein the process water comprises a mineral chosen from gold, aluminum, silver, platinum, copper, nickel, zinc, lead, molybdenum, cobalt, and combinations thereof.
19 . The process of claim 16 wherein the mining operation is further defined as copper concentrating for copper production or gold heap leaching for gold production.