Flexible multi-beam, multi frequency, wideband RF and digital transceiver architecture for modular metasurface antenna
An antenna transceiver architecture for a modular metasurface antenna and method for using the same are disclosed. In some embodiments, the antenna architecture includes a plurality of metasurface antenna tiles, where each metasurface antenna tile of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles having one or more feed ports individually fed when in operation to support one or more independent beams, and wherein the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles comprise a plurality of sub-arrays of metasurface antenna tiles. In some embodiments, the antenna architecture also includes a plurality of digital back ends (DBEs) coupled to the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles, where each DBE is operable to: adjust time delays of one or more of received signals arriving from metasurface antenna tiles of the one sub-array of metasurface antenna tiles as part of time delay beamforming and combine the received signals in a digital domain to produce one or more beamformed signals, and delay transmit signals fed to the plurality of tiles in the digital domain by adjusting time delays of one or more of the transmit signals as part of time delay beamforming.
1. An antenna architecture comprising:
a plurality of metasurface antenna tiles, each metasurface antenna tile of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles having one or more feed ports individually fed when in operation to support one or more independent beams, wherein the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles comprise a plurality of sub-arrays of metasurface antenna tiles;
a plurality of digital back ends (DBEs) coupled to the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles, wherein each DBE of the plurality of DBEs is coupled to one sub-array of the plurality of sub-arrays of metasurface antenna tiles to:
adjust time delays of one or more of received signals arriving from metasurface antenna tiles of the one sub-array of metasurface antenna tiles as part of time delay beamforming and combine the received signals in a digital domain to produce one or more beamformed signals, and
delay transmit signals fed to the plurality of tiles in the digital domain by adjusting time delays of one or more of the transmit signals as part of time delay beamforming,
wherein the time delays applied to received and transmit signals compensate for differences in receive and transmit paths, respectively, and in feed delays for each of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles.
2. The antenna architecture of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of DBEs comprises a receive true time delay (TTD) digital beamformer to perform the time delay beamforming in the digital domain on the received signals in the digital domain.
3. The antenna architecture of claim 2 further comprising a plurality of digital delays, each digital delay coupled to one DBE of the plurality of DBEs to apply a delay in the digital domain to one of the received signals from one of metasurface antenna tiles of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles based on an input received from the digital beamformer of the one DBE.
4. The antenna architecture of claim 2 wherein each of the metasurface antenna tiles comprises a power detector coupled to a portion of a received signal.
5. The antenna architecture of claim 2 further comprising:
a time counter to receive signals from power detectors of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles and compute a time delay between different received signals;
a delay estimation unit to compute the time delay between received signals from different metasurface antenna tiles of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles based on scan angle, tile size, tile location, and time calibration data from the time counter; and
a plurality of digital delays coupled to the delay estimation unit to apply delays in the digital domain to one or more of the received signals based on output from the delay estimation unit.
6. The antenna architecture of claim 5 further comprising:
a gain calibration unit to compensate for gain differences between digitally delayed received signals output from the plurality of digital delays; and
an adder coupled to the gain calibration unit to combine gain-compensated signals output from the gain calibration unit into a receive beamformed data stream.
7. The antenna architecture of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of DBEs comprises a transmit TTD digital beamformer to perform time delay beamforming on the transmit signals in the digital domain.
8. The antenna architecture of claim 7 wherein each of the metasurface antenna tiles comprises a power detector coupled to a portion of a transmit signal to the transmit TTD digital beamformer.
9. The antenna architecture of claim 7 further comprising:
a time counter to receive signals from power detectors of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles and compute a time delay between different the transmit signals;
a delay estimation unit to compute the time delay between transmit signals from different metasurface antenna tiles of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles based on scan angle, tile size, tile location and time calibration data from the time counter; and
a plurality of digital delays coupled to the delay estimation unit to apply delays in the digital domain to one or more of the transmit signals based on output from the delay estimation unit.
10. The antenna architecture of claim 9 further comprising a gain calibration unit coupled to receive a transmit beam data stream and to compensate for gain differences between signals to be transmitted from the transmit beam data stream, the gain-compensated transmit signals being output to the plurality of digital delays.
11. The antenna architecture of claim 1 wherein the time delays are generated by self-calibration.
12. The antenna architecture of claim 1 wherein the feed delays are a function of geometry of each sub-array of the plurality of sub-arrays and spacing between the plurality of sub-arrays.
13. The antenna architecture of claim 1 wherein the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles is dynamically configurable to produce multiple beams from one or more individual metasurface antenna tiles or from different sub-arrays of the plurality of sub-arrays.
14. The antenna architecture of claim 1 further comprising a controller coupled to the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles to dynamically configure the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles to generate different numbers of beams with one or more frequencies among the beams.
15. An antenna architecture comprising:
a plurality of metasurface antenna tiles, each metasurface antenna tile of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles having one or more feed ports configured to be individually fed to support one or more independent beams, wherein the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles is configurable into a plurality of sub-arrays of metasurface antenna tiles to produce multiple simultaneous beams from one or more individual metasurface antenna tiles or from different sub-arrays of the plurality of sub-arrays;
a plurality of digital back ends (DBEs) coupled to the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles, wherein each DBE of the plurality DBEs is coupled to one sub-array of the plurality of sub-arrays of metasurface antenna tiles to:
adjust time delays of one or more of received signals arriving from metasurface antenna tiles of the one sub-array of metasurface antenna tiles as part of time delay beamforming and combine the received signals in a digital domain to produce one or more beamformed signals, and
delay transmit signals fed to the plurality of tiles in the digital domain by adjusting time delays of one or more of the transmit signals as part of time delay beamforming,
wherein the time delays applied to received and transmit signals compensate for differences in receive and transmit paths, respectively, and in feed delays for each of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles, the feed delays being a function of geometry of each sub-array of the plurality of sub-arrays and spacing between the plurality of sub-arrays.
16. The antenna architecture of claim 15 wherein the time delays are generated by self-calibration.
17. The antenna architecture of claim 15 wherein each of the plurality of DBEs comprises a true time delay (TTD) digital beamformer to perform the time delay beamforming in the digital domain.
18. The antenna architecture of claim 17 wherein each of the metasurface antenna tiles comprises a power detector coupled to the TTD digital beamformer to send a portion of a signal from a front end of said each metasurface antenna tile to the TTD digital beamformer.
19. The antenna architecture of claim 15 further comprising:
a time counter to receive signals from power detectors of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles and compute a time delay between different the power detector signals;
a delay estimation unit to compute the time delay between signals from different metasurface antenna tiles of the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles based on scan angle, tile size, tile location, and time calibration data from the time counter; and
a plurality of digital delays coupled to the delay estimation unit to apply delays in the digital domain to one or more of the signals based on output from the delay estimation unit.
20. The antenna architecture of claim 15 wherein the plurality of metasurface antenna tiles are dynamically configurable to generate different numbers of beams at multiple frequencies.