Nonwoven Fabrics Including Recycled Polyester
Nonwoven fabrics are provided that include (i) a plurality of continuous matrix fibers comprising a first polymeric material having a first melting point and including a first polymer component, in which the first polymer component comprises a first recycled-polyester, and (ii) a plurality of binder fibers having an irregular cross-section randomly dispersed throughout the plurality of matrix fibers, in which the plurality of binder fibers comprising a second polymeric material having a second melting point including a second polymer component. The second melting point being less than the first melting point.
1 . A nonwoven fabric, comprising:
(i) a plurality of continuous matrix fibers comprising a first polymeric material including a first polymer component, wherein the first polymer component comprises a first recycled-polyester, wherein the first polymeric material has a first melting point; and
(ii) a plurality of binder fibers having an irregular cross-section randomly dispersed throughout the plurality of matrix fibers, the plurality of binder fibers comprising a second polymeric material including a second polymer component, wherein the second polymeric material has a second melting point that is less than the first melting point.
2 . The nonwoven fabric of claim 1 , wherein the nonwoven fabric includes a first ratio between the plurality of continuous matrix fibers and the plurality of binder fibers, based on weight, (weight of plurality of continuous matrix fibers : weight of plurality of binder fibers) comprising from about 80:10 to about 95:5.
3 . The nonwoven fabric of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of continuous matrix fibers comprise monocomponent fibers.
4 . The nonwoven fabric of claim 1 , wherein the first polymeric material further comprises a third polymer component comprising a recycled-polyester terephthalate (rPET) or a virgin PET.
5 . The nonwoven fabric of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of continuous matrix fibers have a round cross-section having an aspect ratio from about 0.8 to about 1.2, or a non-round cross-section having an aspect ratio of at least about 1.5.
6 . The nonwoven fabric of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of continuous matrix fibers comprise ribbon-shaped fibers, multi-lobal fibers, or a mixture thereof.
7 . The nonwoven fabric of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of continuous matrix fibers has an average cross-section from about 12 to about 36 microns, an average denier per fiber (dpf) from about 3 to about 12 dpf, or both.
8 . The nonwoven fabric of claim 1 , wherein the first recycled-polyester comprises post-consumer waste.
9 . The nonwoven fabric of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of binder fibers comprises monocomponent staple fibers, monocomponent continuous fibers, or a combination thereof.
10 . The nonwoven fabric of claim 9 , wherein the second polymer component comprises a PET homopolymer or a PET-containing copolymer.
11 . The nonwoven fabric of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of binder fibers comprises multi-component staple fibers, multi-component continuous fibers, or a combination thereof.
12 . A method of making a nonwoven fabric, comprising:
(a) forming a first polymeric melt comprising a first polymeric material including a first polymer component, wherein the first polymer component comprises a first recycled-polyester, wherein the first polymeric material has a first melting point;
(b) producing a second polymeric melt comprising a second polymeric material including a second polymer component, wherein the second polymeric material has a second melting point that is less than the first melting point;
(c) melt spinning the first polymeric melt through a first plurality of orifices of a spinneret and forming a plurality of continuous matrix fibers comprising the first polymeric material, and melt spinning the second polymeric melt through a second plurality of orifices of the spinneret and forming a plurality of binder fibers comprising the second polymeric material;
(d) depositing the plurality of continuous matrix fibers and the plurality of binder fibers onto a moving belt, wherein the plurality of binder fibers are randomly dispersed within the plurality of continuous matrix fibers to provide a nonwoven web; and
(e) consolidating the nonwoven web to form the nonwoven fabric.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of consolidating the nonwoven web comprises subjecting the nonwoven web to a temperature that is greater than the second melting point and less than the first melting point.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the step of consolidating the nonwoven web comprises subjecting the nonwoven web to a through-air-bonding (TAB) operation.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the step of consolidating the nonwoven web comprises subjecting the nonwoven web to a thermal area bonding operation.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the step of consolidating the nonwoven web comprises softening or melting the second polymer component and allowing or inducing at least a partial flowing of the second polymer component such that the plurality of binder fibers have an irregular cross-section.
17 . The method of claim 12 , further comprising a step of annealing the nonwoven web prior to the step of consolidating the nonwoven web, wherein the step of annealing the nonwoven web comprises raising the temperature of the nonwoven web to within about 7° C. below the second melting point.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the nonwoven web is under physical constraint during the step of annealing the nonwoven web, and the method further comprises a step of allowing or actively reducing the temperature of the nonwoven web to a reduced temperature prior to releasing the nonwoven web from the physical constraint.
19 . A dryer sheet, comprising:
(i) a nonwoven substrate comprising a nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 ; and
(ii) a fabric conditioning agent disposed on the nonwoven substrate.
20 . A filter, comprising: a filter media comprising a nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the nonwoven fabric is housed within a frame.