Integrated base station antenna
An integrated base station antenna comprises a passive antenna and an active antenna installed behind the passive antenna. The active antenna comprises a reflecting plate and an array of radiating elements extending forward from the reflecting plate. The passive antenna includes an array of metal tuning elements that tune the array of radiating elements, where the array of metal tuning elements us positioned in front of the array of radiating elements of the active antenna, and where a longitudinal axis of at least some of the metal tuning elements extend at an angle between 70° and 110° with respect to a plane defined by the reflecting plate.
1. An integrated base station antenna, comprising:
a passive antenna; and
an active antenna installed behind the passive antenna, the active antenna comprising a reflecting plate and an array of radiating elements extending forward from the reflecting plate,
wherein an array of metal tuning elements used for the array of radiating elements is mounted in the passive antenna, the array of metal tuning elements positioned in front of the array of radiating elements of the active antenna, and
wherein a longitudinal axis of at least one of the metal tuning elements extends at an angle between 70° and 110° with respect to a plane defined by the reflecting plate.
2. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 1 , wherein each metal tuning element is electrically floating.
3. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 1 , wherein the passive antenna comprises a front radome and a rear radome, and the array of metal tuning elements is installed between the front radome and the rear radome.
4. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 3 , wherein the passive antenna further comprises a matching dielectric layer between the front radome and the rear radome, and the array of metal tuning elements is installed between the matching dielectric layer and the rear radome.
5. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 4 , wherein within a region corresponding to the active antenna, a first distance between the rear radome of the passive antenna and the matching dielectric layer is 0.25+n/2 times that of the equivalent wavelength, where n is a positive integer, and a second distance between the active antenna and the rear radome of the passive antenna is 0.25+N/2 times of the equivalent wavelength, where Nis a natural number, where the equivalent wavelength is a wavelength within the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of an operating frequency band of the radiating elements in the active antenna.
6. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 5 , wherein a distance between the matching dielectric layer and the front radome of the passive antenna is 0.25+M/2 times the equivalent wavelength, where M is a natural number, and the dielectric constant of the matching dielectric layer is larger than the dielectric constant of air.
7. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 3 , wherein a support frame for the front radome is installed in the passive antenna and a metal tuning element is installed on the support frame.
8. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 7 , wherein a PCB component is mounted on the support frame and metal tuning elements are printed on the PCB component.
9. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 8 , wherein a plurality of PCB components arranged side by side with each other along a horizontal direction of the integrated base station antenna are mounted on the support frame.
10. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 8 , wherein a PCB component array is mounted on the support frame, and the PCB component array comprises a plurality of PCB components arranged side by side with each other in a horizontal direction of the integrated base station antenna and a second plurality of PCB components mutually superimposed in a forward direction.
11. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 8 , wherein the support frame comprises a support beam at a front end extending in a horizontal direction, a first support leg extending rearward from a first end of the support beam, a second support leg extending rearward from a second end of the support beam, and a support structure at a rear end; the support structure extends from the first support leg to the second support leg in the horizontal direction, and the PCB component is mounted on the support structure.
12. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 11 , wherein the support frame comprises a first support frame and a second support frame spaced apart from the first support frame, and the PCB components extend longitudinally from the support structure of the first support frame to the support structure of the second support frame and are fixed on the corresponding support structure.
13. The integrated base station antenna according to claim 11 , wherein a first reflection strip and a second reflection strip are respectively arranged beside the sides of the passive antenna in the horizontal direction, and a first support leg is mounted on the first reflection strip and a second support leg is mounted on the second reflection strip.
14. The integrated base station antenna of claim 1 , wherein the array of tuning elements is a multi-column array of tuning elements.
15. The integrated base station antenna of claim 1 , wherein a first of the metal tuning elements has a width in a lateral direction of the first of the metal tuning elements that is at least three times smaller than a length of the first of the metal tuning elements in a longitudinal direction of the first of the metal tuning elements, where the lateral direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
16. The integrated base station antenna of claim 1 , wherein the integrated base station antenna has a longitudinal axis that extends in a first direction, and wherein the tuning elements in the array of metal tuning elements are configured to provide a first projection component in the first direction at a horizontal scanning angle larger than a first angle between 41° and 53°, and a second projection component in the first longitudinal direction at a horizontal scanning angle smaller than a second angle between 0° and 12°, the first projection component being larger than the second projection component.