Nanostructure ink compositions for inkjet printing
The invention pertains to the field of nanotechnology. The disclosure provides nanostructure compositions comprising (a) at least one organic solvent; (b) at least one population of nanostructures comprising a core and at least one shell, wherein the nanostructures comprise inorganic ligands bound to the surface of the nanostructures; and (c) at least one poly(alkylene oxide) additive. The nanostructure compositions comprising at least one poly(alkylene oxide) additive show improved solubility in organic solvents. And, the nanostructure compositions show increased suitability for use in inkjet printing. The disclosure also provides methods of producing emissive layers using the nanostructure compositions.
1. A nanostructure composition comprising:
(a) an organic solvent;
(b) a nanostructure comprising a core and a shell;
(c) inorganic ligands bound to the surface of the nanostructure; and
(d) a poly(alkylene oxide) additive of Formula (IV):
wherein:
x is 1 to 100;
y is 0 to 100;
R 1A and R 1B independently are H or C 1-20 alkyl;
R 2 is C 1-20 alkyl;
X 1 is a bond or C 1-12 alkyl;
X 2 is a bond, —O—, −OC(═O)—, or amido;
FG is —OH, —NH 2 , —NH 3 +, —N 3 , —C(═O)OR 3 , —P(═O)(OR 4 ) 2 , or —P(R 5 ) 4 ;
R 3 is H, C 1-20 alkyl, or C 6-14 aryl;
R 4 is independently H, C 1-20 alkyl, or C 6-14 aryl; and
R 5 is independently H, C 1-20 alkyl, or C 6-14 aryl.
2. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein x is 2-20 and y is 1-10.
3. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one of:
R 1A is H and R 1B is CH 3 ; or
X 1 is a bond and X 2 is a bond.
4. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein FG is —OH, —NH 2 , —N 3 , or —CO 2 H.
5. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the poly(alkylene oxide) has Formula VI:
wherein:
x is 1 to 100;
y is 0 to 100; and
R 2 is C 1-20 alkyl.
6. The nanostructure composition of claim 5 , wherein x is 19,
y is 3, and R 2 is —CH 3 .
7. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic ligands comprise a halometallate anion.
8. The nanostructure composition of claim 7 , wherein the halometallate anion is fluorozincate, tetrafluoroborate, or hexafluorophosphate.
9. The nanostructure composition of claim 7 , wherein the halometallate anion has the structure of one of Formulas (I)-(III):
MX 3 − (I); MX 4-x Y x − (II); or MX 4-x Y x 2− (III);
wherein:
M is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ag, and Au;
X is selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl, F, and I;
Y is selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl, F, and I; and
x is 0, 1, or 2.
10. The nanostructure composition of claim 9 , wherein the halometallate anion is CdCl 3 − , CdCl 4 2− , CdI 3 − , CdBr 3 − , CdBr 4 2− , InCl 4 − , HgCl 3 − , ZnCl 3 − , ZnCl 4 2− , or ZnBr 4 2− .
11. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic ligands comprise an organic cation selected from the group consisting of a tetraalkylammonium cation, an alkylphosphonium cation, a formamidinium cation, a guanidinium cation, an imidazolium cation, and a pyridinium cation.
12. The nanostructure composition of claim 11 , wherein the inorganic ligands comprise oleyltrimethylammonium, phenylethyltrimethylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium, phenyltrimethylammonium, benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium, benzyltetradecyldimethylammonium, benzyldodecyldimethylammonium, benzyldecyldimethylammonium, benzyloctyldimethylammonium, benzyltributylammonium, benzyltriethylammonium, a tetraalkylammonium cation selected from the group consisting of dioctadecyldimethylammonium, dihexadecyldimethylammonium, ditetradecyldimethylammonium, didodecyldimethylammonium, didecyldimethylammonium, dioctyldimethylammonium, bis(ethylhexyl)dimethylammonium, octadecyltrimethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium, tetradecyltrimethylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium, decyltrimethylammonium, octyltrimethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, diisopropyldimethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, and tetramethylammonium, or an alkylphosphonium cation selected from the group consisting of tetraphenylphosphonium, dimethyldiphenylphosphonium, methyltriphenoxyphosphonium, hexadecyltributylphosphonium, octyltributylphosphonium, tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium, tetraoctylphosphonium, tetrabutylphosphonium, and tetramethylphosphonium.
13. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic ligands comprise a ZnF 4 − anion and a didecyldimethylammonium cation.
14. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one of:
the core comprises one of Si, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, B, C, P, BN, BP, BAs, AIN, AIP, AlAs, AlSb, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, CdSe, CdSeZn, CdTe, HeS, HgSe, HgTe, BeS, BeSe, BeTe, MgS, MgSe, GeS, GeSe, GeTe, SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbO, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, Si 3 N 4 , Ge 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3 , Al 2 OC, or a combination thereof; or
the shell comprises CdS, CdSe, CdO, CdTe, ZnS, ZnO, ZnSe, ZnTe, MgTe, GaAs, GaSb, GaN, HgO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InSb, InN, AlAs, AIN, AlSb, AIS, PbS, PbO, PbSe, PbTe, MgO, MgS, MgSe, MgTe, CuCl, Ge, Si, or alloys thereof.
15. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises InP and the shell is a first shell comprising ZnSe, and the nanostructure comprises a second shell comprising ZnS.
16. The nanostructure composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1-tetralone, 3-phenoxytoluene, acetophenone, 1-methoxynaphthalene, n-octylbenzene, n-nonylbenzene, 4-methylanisole, n-decylbenzene, p-diisopropylbenzene, pentylbenzene, tetralin, cyclohexylbenzene, chloronaphthalene, 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, 3-isopropylbiphenyl, p-methylcumene, dipentylbenzene, o-diethylbenzene, m-diethylbenzene, p-diethylbenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, butylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane, 4-isopropylbiphenyl, benzyl benzoate, 1,2-bi (3,4-dimethylphenyl) ethane, 2-isopropylnaphthalene, dibenzyl ether, and a combination thereof.
17. A light emitting diode comprising:
(a) a first conductive layer;
(b) a second conductive layer; and
(c) an emitting layer between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the emitting layer comprising a nanostructure composition comprising (i) an organic solvent; (ii) a nanostructure comprising a core and a shell, (iii) inorganic ligands bound to the surface of the nanostructure; and (iii) a poly(alkylene oxide) additive of Formula (IV):
wherein:
x is 1 to 100;
y is 0 to 100;
R 1A and R 1B independently are H or C 1-20 alkyl;
R 2 is C 1-20 alkyl;
X 1 is a bond or C 1-12 alkyl;
X 2 is a bond, —O—, —OC(═O)—, or amido;
FG is —OH, —NH 2 , —NH 3 + , —N 3 , —C(═O)OR 3 , —P(═O) (OR 4 ) 2 , or —P(R 5 ) 4 ;
R 3 is H, C 1-20 alkyl, or C 6-14 aryl;
R 4 is independently H, C 1-20 alkyl, or C 6-14 aryl; and
R 5 is independently H, C 1-20 alkyl, or C 6-14 aryl.
18. The light emitting diode of claim 17 , wherein the inorganic ligands comprise a halometallate anion.
19. The light emitting diode of claim 18 , wherein the inorganic ligands comprise an organic cation selected from the group consisting of a tetraalkylammonium cation, an alkylphosphonium cation, a formamidinium cation, a guanidinium cation, an imidazolium cation, and a pyridinium cation.