Controlled blending of biodiesel into distillate streams
Methods are provided for accurately blending biodiesel into distillate streams to achieve a pre-determined percentage of biodiesel in the distillate, applicable to wild-type distillate streams as well as distillate streams that already contain some percentage of biodiesel.
1. An automated method of blending biodiesel into a distillate stream comprising: a) providing a distillate stream comprising diesel fuel as defined by ASTM D975 or heating oil as defined by ASTM D396; b) providing a supply of biodiesel in liquid communication with said distillate stream, separated from said distillate stream by a regulating valve; c) providing a maximum biodiesel content for said distillate stream; d) periodically measuring an actual biodiesel content in said distillate stream, either upstream or downstream of said regulating valve; and e) modulating said regulating valve based on the periodic measurements to blend biodiesel into said distillate stream so as not to exceed the maximum biodiesel content; wherein the regulating valve is under the control of a central processing unit.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said actual biodiesel content is obtained by generating a spectral response of said distillate stream using absorption spectroscopy with a near infrared analyzer, and comparing said spectral response to a chemometric dataset specific for said value in said distillate stream.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said chemometric dataset is built by taking two or more samples of said distillate from a distillate stream; measuring said physical property of the samples offline; simultaneously with taking the two or more samples, obtaining a spectral response of the distillate in the distillate stream using absorption spectroscopy with a near infrared analyzer; and correlating the spectral response with the value of the samples.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said distillate stream comprises a batch of distillate fuel preceded and succeeded by a batch of non-distillate fuel, further comprising ceasing any biodiesel blending as said non-distillate fuel passes said valve.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said distillate stream comprises a batch of diesel fuel preceded or succeeded by a batch of aviation fuel, further comprising establishing a buffer of distillate fuel at an interface between said diesel fuel and said aviation fuel, and ceasing biodiesel blending in said buffer.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said measuring step (d) occurs upstream of said valve.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said measuring step (d) occurs downstream of said valve.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said blending occurs inside a variable fuel transmission pipe that transmits diesel fuel and aviation fuel.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said biodiesel consists essentially of mono-methyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils, animal fats or both.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said distillate stream flow rate varies over time, and step (e) is performed based upon the distillate stream flow rate.
11. An automated method of blending biodiesel into a distillate stream comprising: a) providing a distillate stream; b) providing a supply of biodiesel in liquid communication with said distillate stream, separated from said distillate stream by a regulating valve; c) providing a maximum biodiesel content for said distillate stream; d) periodically measuring an actual biodiesel content in said distillate stream, either upstream or downstream of said regulating valve; e) modulating said regulating valve based on the periodic measurements to blend biodiesel into said distillate stream and not exceed the maximum biodiesel content; wherein the distillate stream is preceded or succeeded by an aviation turbine fuel stream, further comprising: f) providing an indicia of aviation turbine fuel corresponding to a physical property of aviation turbine fuel, accessible by a central processing unit; g) monitoring the distillate stream for the physical property, and transmitting the physical property to the central processing unit; and h) executing programmable logic on the central processing unit to: i) compare the physical property with the indicia, and ii) communicate to the regulating valve to stop blending biodiesel when the physical property matches the indicia.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said indicia are selected from the group consisting of density, pour point and sulfur content, and combinations thereof.
13. An automated method of blending biodiesel into a distillate stream comprising: a) providing a distillate stream; b) providing a supply of biodiesel in liquid communication with said distillate stream, separated from said distillate stream by a regulating valve; c) providing a maximum biodiesel content for said distillate stream; d) periodically measuring an actual biodiesel content in said distillate stream, either upstream or downstream of said regulating valve; e) modulating said regulating valve based on the period measurements to blend biodiesel into said distillate stream and not exceed the actual biodiesel content; wherein said distillate stream comprises a batch of distillate fuel preceded and succeeded by batches of non-distillate fuel, further comprising monitoring said distillate stream for the identity of said batch at said valve, and only blending biodiesel into said distillate stream when said batch of distillate fuel is passing by said valve; wherein the regulating valve is under the control of a central processing unit.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the identity of said batch is determined by measuring the density of the stream.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the identity of said batch is determined by measuring the density of the stream, further comprising providing a range of densities associated with distillate fuel, and only blending biodiesel into said distillate stream when said stream falls within the range of densities.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the identity of said batch is determined based on a batch code associated with the stream that is flowing past the valve.
17. An automated method of blending biodiesel into a distillate stream comprising: a) providing a distillate stream; b) providing a supply of biodiesel, comprising mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils, animal fats or both, in liquid communication with said distillate stream, separated from said distillate stream by a regulating valve; c) providing a maximum biodiesel content for said distillate stream; d) periodically measuring an actual biodiesel content in said distillate stream, either upstream or downstream of said regulating valve; and e) modulating said regulating valve based on the periodic measurements to blend biodiesel into said distillate stream so as not to exceed the maximum biodiesel content; wherein the regulating valve is under the control of a central processing unit.