Adhesive bonded composite-to-metal hybrid vanes and method of manufacture
The present disclosure provides methods and systems for composite-to-metal hybrid bonded structures compromising the laser surface treatment on titanium alloys to promote adhesive bond performance. For example, a computer may be programmed to set a laser path corresponding to a predetermined geometric pattern. A laser may be coupled to the computer and apply a pulsed laser beam to a contact surface of the titanium alloy along the predefined geometric pattern. The laser may generate an open pore oxide layer on the contact surface of the substrate with a thickness of 100 and 500 nm. The open pore oxide layer may have a topography corresponding to the predefined geometric pattern. The topography may contain high degree of open pore structure and promote adhesive bond performance. Adhesive, primer or composite resin matrix may fully infiltrate into the open pore structures. Adhesive and composite laminate may co-cure to form composite-to-titanium hybrid bonded structures.
1. A composite-to-metal hybrid vane, comprising:
a titanium alloy including a contact surface, the contact surface including an open pore oxide structure having a topography with a height between 5 nm and 2,000 nm;
an adhesive infiltrating the open pore oxide structure; and
a composite laminate bonded to the titanium alloy.
2. The composite-to-metal hybrid vane of claim 1 , wherein the open pore oxide structure includes a pore distance between 0.05 and 1 μm.
3. The composite-to-metal hybrid vane of claim 1 , wherein the topography includes a plurality of linear arrays.
4. The composite-to-metal hybrid vane of claim 3 , wherein each linear array further comprises a width less than 25 μm, and wherein a spacing between each linear array is between 10-50 μm.
5. The composite-to-metal hybrid vane of claim 1 , wherein the topography includes a perpendicular crosshatch pattern.