Resistivity engineered substrate for RF common-mode suppression
Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) having a resistivity-engineered substrate to suppress radio-frequency (RF) common-mode signals. In some embodiments, a semiconductor substrate is provided that comprises two portions having different levels of resistivity to provide both suppression of common mode signals, and reduction of RF absorption loss for non-common mode RF signals. In such embodiments, a bottom portion of the semiconductor substrate has a low resistivity to suppress common mode via RF absorption, while a top portion of the semiconductor substrate that is adjacent to conductors in the IC has a high resistivity to reduce RF loss.
1. A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) comprising:
a semiconductor substrate comprising a top portion having a first resistivity and a bottom portion having a second resistivity lower than the first resistivity, the top portion and bottom portion arranged along a vertical direction normal to a surface of the semiconductor substrate;
a conductor disposed above the top portion of the semiconductor substrate and extending in a plane parallel to the surface; and
a photonic component disposed on the semiconductor substrate and coupled to the conductor.
2. The PIC of claim 1 , wherein:
the conductor is a first conductor and the PIC further comprises a second conductor above the top portion of the semiconductor substrate and extending in the plane alongside the first conductor, wherein the first conductor and the second conductor are configured to transmit a differential mode RF signal at a frequency between 10 and 100 GHz.
3. The PIC of claim 2 , wherein:
a propagation loss for the differential mode RF signal in the first conductor is less than 10 dB/cm, and
a propagation loss for a common mode RF signal in the first conductor is at least 10 dB/cm at a frequency between 10 and 100 GHz.
4. The PIC of claim 1 , wherein the top portion has a resistivity of more than 50 ohm·cm, and the bottom portion has a resistivity of less than 50 ohm·cm.
5. The PIC of claim 4 , wherein the top portion has a resistivity of more than 100 ohm·cm, and the bottom portion has a resistivity of less than 20 ohm·cm.
6. The PIC of claim 4 , wherein the top portion has a resistivity of more than 500 ohm·cm, and the bottom portion has a resistivity of less than 10 ohm·cm.
7. The PIC of claim 1 , wherein the top portion comprises a dopant having a concentration of less than 10 14 cm −3 , and wherein the bottom portion comprises a dopant having a concentration of more than 10 15 cm −3 .
8. The PIC of claim 1 , wherein the top portion comprises silicon, and the bottom portion comprises silicon.
9. The PIC of claim 1 , wherein the bottom portion has a maximum lateral extent that is wider than a maximum lateral extent of the top portion.
10. The PIC of claim 1 , wherein the bottom portion has a maximum lateral extent that equals a maximum lateral extent of the top portion.
11. The PIC of claim 1 , wherein the top portion has a thickness of between 20 and 250 μm, and the bottom portion has a thickness of between 200 and 1000 μm.
12. The PIC of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive base coupled to the semiconductor substrate via the bottom portion.
13. The PIC of claim 1 , further comprising a dielectric material disposed on the top portion, wherein the conductor is separated from the top portion by the dielectric material.
14. The PIC of claim 1 , further comprising a first interface material disposed between the top portion and the bottom portion, wherein the first interface material has a thickness of less than 10 μm.
15. The PIC of claim 14 , wherein the first interface material comprises an adhesive or solder.
16. The PIC of claim 1 , wherein the photonic component is a diode modulator.
17. A method to fabricate a photonic device, comprising:
forming a one or more conductors and a photonic component on a first semiconductor layer;
providing a second semiconductor layer underneath the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer having a resistivity of less than 50 ohm·cm, wherein
at least a portion of the first semiconductor layer in between the one or more conductors and the second semiconductor layer has a resistivity of more than 50 ohm·cm.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first semiconductor layer is part of a first substrate, the second semiconductor layer is part of a second substrate, and wherein providing the second semiconductor layer underneath the first semiconductor layer comprises:
bonding the first substrate to the second substrate subsequent to forming the one or more conductors and the photonic component on the first semiconductor layer.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein bonding the first substrate to the second substrate comprises:
grinding a bottom side of the first substrate, such that a thickness of the first substrate is between 20 and 250 μm; and
bonding the bottom side of the first substrate to the second substrate.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer are part of a semiconductor wafer, and the method further comprises:
doping the first semiconductor layer such that the first semiconductor layer has a resistivity of less than 50 ohm·cm; and
doping the second semiconductor layer such that the second semiconductor layer has a resistivity of more than 50 ohm·cm.