Joint balancing
Disclosed herein are a system for determining ligament tension and a method for utilizing the same in a knee balancing procedure. The system according may include a first sensor to measure a first load at a first condyle of a femur, a second sensor to measure a second load at a second condyle of the femur, an inertial measurement unit to measure angular change of a tibial mechanical axis of a tibia during a rotation of the tibia in a coronal plane, and a display in communication with the first sensor, the second sensor and the inertial measurement unit for displaying a ligament stress-strain curve. The method may include the steps of rotating a tibia toward a first condyle, measuring first load values and first deflection angles of the tibia, and determining a stress-strain curve of a first ligament from the first load values and first deflection angles.
1 . A method for determining a ligament tension of a knee joint, the method comprising the steps of:
placing a sensor assembly in a knee joint between a femur and a tibia, the sensor assembly including a first sensor to measure a first load at a first condyle of the femur;
rotating the tibia in a coronal plane toward the first condyle of the femur;
measuring a first set of load values at the first condyle using the first sensor during the step of rotating the tibia;
measuring a first set of deflection angles of the tibia corresponding to the first set of load values, and
determining a stress-strain curve of a first ligament adjacent a second condyle from the first set of load values and first set of deflection angles.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further including a step of determining a target ligament stress for the first ligament.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of determining the target ligament stress for the first ligament includes a step of determining a transition zone of the stress-strain curve, the transition zone being defined by an intersection of a first region and a second region of the stress-strain curve.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the first and second regions are substantially linear.
5 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the sensor assembly includes an inertial measurement unit to measure the first deflection angles.
6 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the first set of deflection angles are defined by angular changes in a tibial mechanical axis of the tibia during the rotation of the tibia.
7 . The method of claim 6 , further including a step of determining length changes in a gap between the second condyle and the tibia during rotation, the length changes being derived from the first set of deflection angles.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein changes in the gap are derived from the first set of deflection angles and a distance between a force center of the first condyle and a force center of the second condyle.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further including a step of resecting a proximal end of the tibia prior to the step of placing the sensor assembly in the knee joint.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first ligament is any one of a medial collateral ligament and a lateral collateral ligament.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second condyle does not contact the tibia and the sensor assembly during the rotation of the tibia.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein a second ligament adjacent the first condyle is in an unstressed condition during the rotation of the tibia.
13 . The method of claim 1 , further including the steps of:
rotating the tibia in a coronal plane toward the second condyle;
measuring a second set of load values at the second condyle using a second sensor of the sensor assembly;
measuring a second set of deflection angles of the tibia corresponding to the second set of load values, and
determining a stress-strain curve of a second ligament adjacent the first condyle from the second set of load values and second set of deflection angles.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the first ligament is any of a medial collateral ligament and a lateral collateral ligament, and the second ligament is the other of the medial collateral ligament and the lateral collateral ligament.