Multi-layer golf balls with increased interlayer adhesion
Casing compositions including carboxylic acid groups, cover compositions including an adhesion promoter with functional groups that crosslink with carboxylic acid groups, and golf balls made from such compositions that have crosslinks between functional groups of the cover compositions and the carboxylic acid groups. The type and concentration of the components in the casing and cover compositions, including the adhesion promoter, affect the adhesion between golf balls having components made from such compositions and, thus, can be used to produce a golf ball having increased durability. Additionally, methods of crosslinking casing and cover layers made from such casing and cover compositions to increase interlayer adhesion are disclosed.
1. A method of forming a golf ball, comprising the steps of:
providing a core;
disposing a casing layer on the core, wherein the casing layer is formed from a casing composition comprising carboxyl groups and has a first moisture content;
applying moisture to the casing layer to form a treated casing layer having a second moisture content that is greater than the first moisture content; and
forming a cover on the treated casing layer, wherein the cover is formed from a cover composition comprising a base polymer and an adhesion promoter, wherein the cover comprises functional groups,
wherein the adhesion promoter comprises a first silane having a hydrolysable group at only one terminal end and a second silane having hydrolysable groups on each terminal end, and
wherein, after the step of forming the cover, the functional groups are crosslinked with the carboxyl groups.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second moisture content is about 0.1 percent to about 5 percent by weight.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying moisture to the casing layer comprises storing the casing layer at a relative humidity of about 50 percent to about 100 percent.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the casing layer comprises an exterior surface, and wherein the step of applying moisture to the casing layer comprises applying liquid water to the exterior surface of the casing layer.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of heating the casing layer, and wherein the step of applying moisture to the casing layer is performed simultaneously with or after the step of heating the casing layer.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first silane is present in a first amount and the second silane is present in a second amount less than the first amount.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the ratio of the first amount to second amount is about 15:1 to about 3.75:1.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base polymer comprises polyurethane, polyurea, or blends or hybrids thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base polymer is polyurethane and the casing composition comprises ionomer.
10. A method of forming a golf ball, comprising the steps of:
providing a core;
disposing a casing layer on the core, wherein the casing layer has a first moisture content and is formed from an ionomer composition comprising carboxyl groups;
treating the casing layer to form a treated casing layer having a second moisture content that is greater than the first moisture content; and
forming a cover over the treated casing layer, wherein the cover is formed from a composition comprising a base polymer, a first adhesion promoter comprising a monopodal silane, and a second adhesion promoter comprising a dipodal silane, and wherein the cover comprises functional groups bond with the carboxyl groups.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of treating the casing layer comprises applying liquid water to the casing layer.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first adhesion promoter is included in the cover composition in a first concentration, wherein the second adhesion promoter is included in cover composition in a second concentration, and wherein the first concentration is greater than the second concentration.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first concentration is about 0.2 percent to about 5 percent by weight and the second concentration is about 0.1 to about 2.5 percent by weight.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the ratio of the first concentration to the second concentration is about 15:1 to about 3.75:1.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first adhesion promoter comprises a dual reactive, monopodal silane and the second adhesion promoter comprises a mono reactive, dipodal silane.
16. A method of forming a golf ball, comprising the steps of:
providing a core;
disposing a casing layer on the core, wherein the casing layer is formed from a casing composition comprising carboxyl groups and has a first moisture content;
treating the casing layer to form a treated casing layer having a second moisture content that is greater than the first moisture content; and
forming a cover on the casing layer, wherein the cover is formed from a cover composition comprising a base polymer, a first adhesion promoter comprising a monopodal silane, and a second adhesion promoter comprising a dipodal silane, wherein the cover comprises functional groups that crosslink with the carboxyl groups.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the base polymer comprises polyurethane, polyurea, or blends or hybrids thereof.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the first adhesion promoter is included in the cover composition in a first concentration of about 0.2 percent to about 5 percent by weight, wherein the second adhesion promoter is included in cover composition in a second concentration of about 0.1 to about 2.5 percent by weight, and wherein the first concentration is greater than the second concentration.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the second moisture content is about 0.1 percent to about 5 percent by weight.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of treating the casing layer comprises storing the casing layer at a relative humidity of about 50 percent to about 100 percent.
21. The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of treating the casing layer comprises applying liquid water to an exterior surface of the casing layer.