PIGMENTED PASSIVE RADIATIVE COOLING COATING
A radiative cooling composition comprises a first component having >55% reflectance in a wavelength range of 0.2 to 2.5 μm and a second component having >0.85 peak thermal emissivity for at least one wavelength in a range of 4-35 μm. A third pigmented component of the composition is configured to emit at least a fraction of absorbed energy, and in certain embodiments the pigmented component comprises at least one phosphor.
1 . A radiative cooling composition comprising:
a first component having >55% reflectance in a wavelength range of 0.2 to 2.5 μm;
a second component having >0.85 peak thermal emissivity for at least one wavelength in a range of 4-35 μm; and
a third pigmented component configured to emit at least a fraction of absorbed energy.
2 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the third pigmented component comprises at least one phosphor.
3 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the third pigmented component comprises quantum dots.
4 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises up to 65% by mass of the third pigmented component.
5 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the third pigmented component is configured to absorb energy of an electromagnetic spectrum in at least one of ultraviolet and visible ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum and is configured to emit energy in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
6 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the third pigmented component is configured to absorb energy in a visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum and emit energy in an infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
7 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition maintains a temperature below ambient temperature when exposed to the sky.
8 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition maintains a temperature that is lower than a temperature of an otherwise identically colored composition comprising non-fluorescent absorptive pigments when exposed to the sky in identical circumstances.
9 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , further comprising a fourth component configured to mechanically bind a mixture of the first, second, and third components.
10 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 9 , wherein the first and fourth components are the same material.
11 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 9 , wherein the second and fourth components are the same material.
12 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component has >90% reflectance in a wavelength range of 0.2 to 2.5 nm.
13 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the second component has >0.85 peak thermal emissivity for at least one wavelength in a range of 8-13 μm.
14 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the first component comprises one or more of TEFLON″, polytetrafluoroethylene, barium sulfate, zinc oxides, aluminum oxides, magnesium oxides, titanium dioxide, lead-containing compounds, strontium sulfides, zinc sulfides, antimony oxides, bismuth tungstate, bismuth oxychloride, tin oxides, bismuth subnitrate, calcium carbonate, mica, talc, lithopone, silicon oxides, calcium metasilicate, and lead titanate.
15 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the second component comprises one or more of ethyl cellulose, poly ethyl methacrylate (PEMA), poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), cellulose acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene napthalate (PEN), polyesters, and polycarbonates.
16 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 1 , wherein the second component comprises latex binder.
17 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 16 , wherein the latex binder comprises an aqueous emulsion of one or more of styrene and acrylate polymers.
18 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 17 , wherein the latex binder comprises 30 to 50% wt styrene and 70 to 50% wt acrylate, based on total weight of monomers combined to form the latex binder.
19 . A passive radiative cooling apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
a first component disposed on the substrate having >55% reflectance in a wavelength range of 0.2 to 2.5 μm;
a second component having >0.85 peak thermal emissivity for at least one wavelength in range of 4-35 μm; and
a third pigmented component comprising at least one of a phosphor or a quantum dot configured to emit at least a fraction of absorbed energy, where the first, second, and third components are distributed in one or more layers on the substrate.
20 . The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the first, second, and third components are mixed into a single layer.
21 . The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the third pigmented component is mixed into a layer with the second component.
22 . The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the first component is disposed in a first layer, the second component is disposed in a second layer, and the third pigmented component is disposed in a third layer.
23 . The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the substrate maintains a temperature below ambient temperature when the apparatus is exposed to the sky.
24 . The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the composition maintains a temperature that is lower than a temperature of an otherwise identically colored apparatus comprising non-fluorescent absorptive pigments when exposed to the sky in identical circumstances.
25 . The radiative cooling composition of claim 19 , wherein the second component is a latex binder comprising a reaction product of acrylate and vinyl monomers.
26 . A method, comprising:
providing a substrate;
providing a composition comprising:
a first component having >55% reflectance in a wavelength range of 0.2 to 2.5 μm;
a second component having >0.85 peak thermal emissivity for at least one wavelength in a range of 4-35 μm; and
a third pigmented component comprising at least one of a phosphor or quantum dot configured to emit at least a fraction of absorbed energy; and
depositing the composition on the substrate to form a passive radiative coating on the substrate.
27 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the depositing comprises at least one of spraying, brushing, rolling, dipping, or doctor blading.
28 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the composition is deposited on the substrate in a single step.
29 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the first, second, and third components are deposited on the substrate in two or more steps.