Niobium-based alloy that is resistant to aqueous corrison
In various embodiments, a metal alloy resistant to aqueous corrosion consists essentially of or consists of niobium with additions of tungsten, molybdenum, and one or both of ruthenium and palladium.
1. A method of chemical processing, the method comprising:
providing equipment for chemical processing; and
exposing the equipment to an acidic process fluid,
wherein the equipment is composed of a metallic alloy consisting essentially of (i) 1 weight percent-10 weight percent tungsten, (ii) 0.5 weight percent-10 weight percent molybdenum, (iii) at least one of ruthenium or palladium collectively present at 0.2 weight percent-5 weight percent, and (iv) the balance niobium.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a grain size of the metallic alloy is greater than 6 microns.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alloy comprises both ruthenium and palladium.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein a ratio of ruthenium content to palladium content in the alloy ranges from 1000:1 to 1:1000.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein a ratio of ruthenium content to palladium content in the alloy ranges from 500:1 to 1:500.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein a ratio of ruthenium content to palladium content in the alloy ranges from 100:1 to 1:100.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alloy contains 2 weight percent-10 weight percent tungsten.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alloy contains 2 weight percent-10 weight percent molybdenum.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alloy contains at least one of ruthenium or palladium collectively present at 2 weight percent-5 weight percent.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acidic process fluid comprises hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and/or acetic acid.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the equipment has the form of a plate, a sheet, or a tube.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the equipment comprises a heat exchanger, a lined vessel, a static mixer, or a pump.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the acidic process fluid ranges from approximately 80° C. to approximately 250° C.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein (i) providing the equipment comprises alloying niobium with tungsten, molybdenum, and at least one of ruthenium or palladium, and (ii) the alloying is performed via laser additive manufacturing (LAM), vacuum arc remelting (VAR), electron beam melting (EBM), or plasma arc melting (PAM).
15. A method of chemical processing, the method comprising:
providing equipment for chemical processing; and
exposing the equipment to an acidic process fluid,
wherein the equipment is composed of a metallic alloy consisting essentially of (i) 1 weight percent-5 weight percent tungsten, (ii) 0.5 weight percent-5 weight percent molybdenum, (iii) at least one of ruthenium or palladium collectively present at 0.2 weight percent-5 weight percent, and (iv) the balance niobium.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the alloy comprises both ruthenium and palladium.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the acidic process fluid comprises hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and/or acetic acid.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the equipment has the form of a plate, a sheet, or a tube.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the equipment comprises a heat exchanger, a lined vessel, a static mixer, or a pump.