Multi-level multi-quadrant hysteresis current controllers and methods for control thereof
Systems and methods for multilevel hysteresis current control for a cascaded multi-level converter having a plurality of power cells connected in series with a positive integer number of output voltage levels, and to control any shape of AC/DC current in the load, transfer electrical power from energy storage elements of the power cells to that load and recover the energy back to the storage elements. Systems and methods for voltage balancing on energy storage elements of the power cells to determine whether to inject energy into or extract energy from a selected storage element, and for zero switching state rotation technique of switching elements in each power cell of cascaded multilevel converter.
1. A method of selecting an output level of a multi-quadrant multi-level cascaded converter, comprising:
subtracting a feedback signal from a reference signal to produce an error signal;
inputting the error signal into each hysteresis block of a plurality of hysteresis blocks, wherein each hysteresis block of the plurality of hysteresis blocks has a different setting of high boundary (HB) threshold and low boundary (LB) threshold than the other hysteresis blocks of the plurality of hysteresis blocks;
for each hysteresis block of the plurality of hysteresis blocks:
when the error signal reaches the high boundary (HB) threshold of the hysteresis block, setting an output value of the hysteresis block to a first value;
maintaining the output value of the hysteresis block at the first value until the error signal reaches the low boundary (LB) threshold of the hysteresis block; and
when the error signal reaches the low boundary (LB) threshold of the hysteresis block, setting the output value of the hysteresis block to a second value;
summing the output values of all of the hysteresis blocks of the plurality of hysteresis blocks to produce a total state value; and
generating, based upon the total state value, the output level.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating, based upon the total state value, the output level, comprises selecting, from a lookup table based upon the total state value, the output level.
3. The method of claim 2 , selecting the required output voltage is based upon the total state value and a sign of current derivative di/dt.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the current derivative is one of real or reference current.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sign of the current derivative di/dt is determined as positive at a moment of time when the total state value reaches a first threshold positive value.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the sign of the current derivative di/dt is determined as negative at a moment of time when the total state value reaches a second threshold value that is less than the first threshold value.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the error signal is a current error signal, the feedback signal is a current feedback signal, the reference signal is a reference current signal, and the output level is an output voltage level.
8. A system for maintaining a output level of a multi-quadrant multi-level cascaded converter, comprising:
an error signal generator that subtracts a feedback signal from a reference current signal to produce an error signal;
a plurality of hysteresis blocks, wherein:
each hysteresis block receives the error signal as input inputting the error signal;
each hysteresis block has a different setting of high boundary (HB) threshold and low boundary (LB) threshold than each other hysteresis blocks of the plurality of hysteresis blocks;
and each hysteresis block is configured to:
set an output value of the hysteresis block to a first value when the error signal reaches the high boundary (HB) threshold of the hysteresis block;
maintain the output value of the hysteresis block at the first value until the error signal reaches the low boundary (LB) threshold of the hysteresis block; and
set the output value of the hysteresis block to a second value when the error signal reaches the low boundary (LB) threshold of the hysteresis block;
summing circuitry that sums the output values of all of the hysteresis blocks of the plurality of hysteresis blocks to produce a total state value; and
an output voltage generator that generates, based upon the total state value, a required output voltage.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the output voltage generator generates the required output voltage by selecting, based upon the total state value, the required output voltage.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the output voltage generator includes a lookup table that associates total state values with corresponding output levels.
11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the output voltage selector selects the required output voltage based upon the total state value and a sign of current derivative di/dt.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the current derivative is one of real or reference current.
13. The system of claim 11 , wherein the sign of the current derivative di/dt is determined as positive at a moment of time when the total state value reaches a first threshold positive value.
14. The system of claim 11 , wherein the sign of the current derivative di/dt is determined as negative at a moment of time when the total state value reaches a second threshold value that is less than the first threshold value.
15. The system of claim 8 , wherein the error signal is a current error signal, the feedback signal is a current feedback signal, the reference signal is a reference current signal, and the output level is an output voltage level.