Testing system for high-frequency modulators
A testing system for a modulator includes a radio frequency (RF) generator, an optical power meter, and an electrical power meter. The RF generator is configured to generate and provide a first plurality of RF signals and a second plurality of RF signals, wherein the first plurality of RF signals and the second plurality of RF signals are associated with a plurality of frequencies. The optical power meter is configured to measure an optical power of an output optical signal, which is modulated by the modulator based on the first plurality of RF signals, to facilitate determination of a transmission response measurement of the modulator for each frequency of the plurality of frequencies. The electrical power meter is configured to measure a portion of each RF signal of the second plurality of RF signals to facilitate determination of a reflectance response measurement of the modulator for each frequency.
1. A testing system to test a modulator, comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) generator;
an optical power meter; and
a controller, wherein:
the RF generator is configured to generate and provide a plurality of RF signals,
wherein the plurality of RF signals are associated with a plurality of frequencies,
the optical power meter is configured to measure an optical power of an output optical signal emitted by the modulator,
wherein the output optical signal is modulated by the modulator based on the plurality of frequencies,
the optical power meter is configured to provide, based on measuring the optical power of the output optical signal, one or more optical power measurements associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies, and
the controller is configured to:
determine, based on the one or more optical power measurements associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies, an average optical power associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies, and
determine, based on the average optical power associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies, a transmission response measurement of the modulator for each frequency of the plurality of frequencies.
2. The testing system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of frequencies are associated with a frequency range that includes a maximum frequency that is greater than or equal to 70 gigahertz.
3. The testing system of claim 1 , wherein the RF generator includes:
an RF sweep generator,
an RF switch, and
an RF multiplier.
4. The testing system of claim 1 , wherein the testing system further includes an electrical power meter, and wherein the plurality of RF signals are generated and provided as part of a first process, wherein:
the RF generator is further configured to generate and provide, as part of a second process that is different than the first process, another plurality of RF signals that are associated with the plurality of frequencies; and
the electrical power meter is configured to measure a portion of each RF signal of the other plurality of RF signals.
5. The testing system of claim 4 , wherein the electrical power meter is further configured to measure the portion of each RF signal, of the other plurality of RF signals, at an input of a testing component that holds the modulator.
6. The testing system of claim 4 , wherein the testing system further includes an RF coupler,
wherein the electrical power meter is further configured to measure the portion of each RF signal, of the other plurality of RF signals, at an input of the RF coupler.
7. The testing system of claim 6 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine, based on electrical power measurements of the portions of the other plurality of RF signals provided by the electrical power meter, an electrical power associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies; and
determine, based on the electrical power associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies, a reflectance response measurement of each frequency.
8. The testing system of claim 1 , wherein the testing system further includes a balun that is configured to convert each RF signal, of the plurality of RF signals, from a single-ended RF signal to a differential RF signal.
9. A testing system, comprising:
a testing component configured to hold a modulator;
a radio frequency (RF) generator;
an optical power meter; and
an electrical power meter, wherein:
the RF generator is configured to generate and provide a first plurality of RF signals in association with a first process,
wherein the first plurality of RF signals are associated with a plurality of frequencies,
the optical power meter is configured to measure an optical power of an output optical signal emitted by the modulator,
wherein the output optical signal is modulated by the modulator based on the plurality of frequencies,
the RF generator is configured to generate and provide a second plurality of RF signals in association with a second process,
wherein the second plurality of RF signals are associated with a plurality of frequencies, and
the electrical power meter is configured to measure a portion of each RF signal of the second plurality of RF signals.
10. The testing system of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of frequencies are associated with a frequency range that includes a maximum frequency that is greater than or equal to 70 gigahertz.
11. The testing system of claim 9 , wherein the RF generator includes:
an RF sweep generator,
an RF switch, and
an RF multiplier.
12. The testing system of claim 9 , wherein the electrical power meter is further configured to measure the portion of each RF signal, of the second plurality of RF signals, at an input of the testing component.
13. The testing system of claim 9 , wherein the testing system further includes an RF coupler, and
wherein the electrical power meter is further configured to measure the portion of each RF signal, of the second plurality of RF signals, at an input of the RF coupler.
14. A method, comprising:
identifying, by a controller of a testing system for a modulator, a maximum value and a minimum value of an optical transfer function that is associated with the modulator;
causing, by the controller, the modulator to be biased with a particular voltage that is associated with one of the maximum value or the minimum value of the optical transfer function; and
causing, by the controller, a radio frequency (RF) generator of the testing system to generate and provide a plurality of RF signals,
wherein the plurality of RF signals are associated with a plurality of frequencies.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of frequencies are associated with a frequency range that includes a maximum frequency that is greater than or equal to 70 gigahertz.
16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
causing an optical power meter of the testing system to measure an optical power of an output optical signal emitted by the modulator,
wherein the output optical signal is modulated by the modulator based on the plurality of frequencies;
receiving, from the optical power meter, one or more optical power measurements associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies;
determining, based on the one or more optical power measurements associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies, an average optical power associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies; and
determining, based on the average optical power associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies, a transmission response measurement of the modulator for each frequency of the plurality of frequencies.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein determining the transmission response measurement of the modulator for each frequency of the plurality of frequencies comprises:
processing, based on the maximum value of the optical transfer function, the average optical power associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies to determine a normalized average optical power associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies; and
determining, based on the optical transfer function and the normalized average optical power associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies, the transmission response measurement of the modulator for each frequency of the plurality of frequencies.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the transmission response measurement of the modulator for each frequency of the plurality of frequencies is an electro-optic efficiency over frequency measurement.
19. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
causing an electrical power meter of the testing system to measure a portion of each RF signal of the plurality of RF signals;
receiving, from the electrical power meter, electrical power measurements that are associated with the plurality of RF signals; and
determining, based on the electrical power measurements that are associated with the plurality of RF signals, an electrical power associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
determining, based on the electrical power associated with each frequency of the plurality of frequencies, a reflectance response measurement of the modulator for each frequency of the plurality of frequencies.