Activated formylglycine-generating enzymes and methods of producing and using the same
The present disclosure provides activated formylglycine-generating enzymes (FGE), methods of producing activated FGE, and their use in methods of producing a protein comprising a formylglycine (FGly) residue. The methods of producing activated FGE, as well as methods of use of activated FGE in producing FGly-containing proteins, include both cell-based and cell-free methods. Compositions and kits that find use, e.g., in practicing the methods of the present disclosure are also provided.
1. A method comprising:
expressing a formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) and a protein comprising an FGE recognition site in a cell-free reaction mixture comprising Cu 2+ to activate the FGE, under conditions in which the activated FGE converts a cysteine residue or a serine residue of the FGE recognition site to a formylglycine residue, to produce a protein comprising a formylglycine residue; and
conjugating an agent to the protein comprising the formylglycine residue via an aldehyde moiety of the formylglycine residue.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the agent is a therapeutic agent.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: a cytotoxic agent, an antiproliferative agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antibiotic agent, an antifungal agent, and an antiviral agent.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the agent is an imaging agent.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the imaging agent is selected from the group consisting of: a fluorescent dye, a near-infrared (NIR) imaging agent, and a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT imaging agent, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging agent, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent, a positron-emission tomography (PET) agent, an x-ray imaging agent, a computed tomography (CT) imaging agent, a K-edge imaging agent, an ultrasound imaging agent, a photoacoustic imaging agent, an acoustic optical imaging agent, microwave imaging agent, a nuclear imaging agent, and combinations thereof.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the activated FGE and the protein comprising the FGE recognition site are combined in a reaction mixture comprising a reducing agent.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the reducing agent promotes conversion of the cysteine residue or the serine residue of the FGE recognition site to the formylglycine residue.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the reducing agent is 2-mercaptoethanol.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the Cu 2+ is provided by a source of Cu 2+ selected from copper sulfate, copper citrate, copper tartrate, Fehling's reagent, and Benedict's reagent.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the source of Cu 2+ is copper sulfate.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the FGE is an N-terminally truncated FGE.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the FGE is a N-terminally truncated human FGE.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the protein is an antibody, an antibody fragment, a ligand, an enzyme, or an antigen.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the protein is an antibody or antibody fragment.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the antibody or antibody fragment is selected from the group consisting of: an IgG or fragment thereof, a Fab, a F(ab′)2, a Fab′, an Fv, an ScFv, a bispecific antibody or fragment thereof, a diabody or fragment thereof, a chimeric antibody or fragment thereof, a monoclonal antibody or fragment thereof, a humanized antibody or fragment thereof, and a fully human antibody or fragment thereof.
16. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the antibody specifically binds to a tumor-associated antigen or a tumor-specific antigen.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the tumor associated antigen or tumor-specific antigen is selected from the group consisting of: HER2, CD19, CD22, CD30, CD33, CD56, CD66/CEACAM5, CD70, CD74, CD79b, CD138, Nectin-4, Mesothelin, Transmembrane glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB), Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA), SLC44A4, CA6, and CA-IX.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the protein is a ligand.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the ligand is a growth factor.
20. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the ligand is a hormone.