PLASMA SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING SOLID-STATE ELECTROLYTE MATERIAL
Aspects of the present disclosure involve a plasma system for practicing various methods of synthesizing solid-state electrolyte materials and precursors for solid-state electrolyte materials.
1 . A plasma system comprising:
a chamber containing at least one of a solid precursor or solid reactant material, the chamber in communication with a carrier gas line where the solid precursor or solid reactant material is captured by the carrier gas;
an electrode assembly including a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode proximally positioned to form an arc therebetween to generate a plasma with a plasma chamber operably coupled with the electrode assembly; and
a first channel in fluid communication with the carrier gas line, the channel positioned to deliver the carrier gas and the solid precursor or solid reactant at a controllable rate into the plasma chamber at the plasma generated therein.
2 . The plasma system of claim 1 wherein the first electrode defines a first cylinder, and the second electrode defines a second cylinder circumferentially disposed about the first cylinder.
3 . The plasma system of claim 1 wherein the first channel is defined along a cylindrical opening of the first cylinder.
4 . The plasma system of claim 3 wherein a second channel is defined along a space between an outer surface of the first cylinder and the second cylinder circumferentially disposed about the first cylinder.
5 . The plasma system of claim 4 wherein the first cylindrical electrode defines a first annular electrode end positioned with a second annular electrode end and defining a circular gap therebetween, the arc between formed between the first annular electrode end and the second annular electrode end across the gap to form a toroidal plasma within the plasma chamber.
6 . The plasma system of claim 5 wherein the second channel is in fluid communication with the gap.
7 . The plasma system of claim 5 wherein the first channel directs the carrier gas and solid precursor or solid reactant through a center region defined through the toroidal plasma when formed with the plasma chamber.
8 . The plasma system of claim 7 wherein a terminal end port of the first channel is positioned at a center point of the circular gap.
9 . The plasma system of claim 8 wherein the terminal end port is conical.
10 . The plasma system of claim 5 wherein the first annular electrode end is beveled.
11 . The plasma system of claim 10 wherein the second annular electrode end is beveled, the beveled portion of the second annular electrode end facing the beveled portion of the first annular electrode end.
12 . The plasma system of claim 5 wherein at least one of the first electrode or the second electrode is adjustably supported to alter the circular gap formed between the first annular electrode end and the second annular electrode end.
13 . The plasma system of claim 5 wherein the plasma chamber includes at least one port oriented to direct a third gas into the plasma chamber.
14 . The plasma system of claim 1 wherein the first electrode is a graphite cathode, and the second electrode is a graphite anode.
15 . The plasma system of claim 1 wherein a power supply is electrically coupled with the electrode assembly.
16 . A method of producing solid-state electrolyte material comprising:
generating a plasma within a plasma chamber; and
controllably injecting a mixture of a carrier gas and solid-state electrolyte precursor powder or solid-state electrolyte reactant powder in the plasma chamber in the presence of the generated plasma to produce a solid-state electrolyte material.
17 . The method of claim 16 further comprising controlling at least one of a pressure of the carrier gas and a flow rate of the carrier gas and the carrier gas is reactive or non-reactive.
18 . The method of claim 16 wherein the mixture is injected through the generated plasma within the chamber, the generated plasma in the form of a toroid.
19 . The method of claim 18 wherein a process occurring within the chamber includes vaporization of the solid-state electrolyte precursor powder or solid-state electrolyte reactant powder with an effective heating temperature from 70° C. to about 1200° C.
20 . The method of claim 16 wherein a particle size of the solid-state electrolyte precursor powder or a powder size of the solid-state electrolyte reactant powder is in a range from 1 nm to 10 mm.
21 . The method of claim 16 wherein the solid-state electrolyte precursor powder includes a lithium containing material, a phosphorus containing material, a sulfur containing material, or a halogen containing material.
22 . The method of claim 21 wherein the lithium containing material comprises Li 2 S, Li 2 CO 3 , or Li 2 SO 4
23 . The method of claim 21 wherein the sulfur containing material comprises elemental sulfur, Li 2 S, GeS 2 , or SiS 2 .
24 . The method of claim 21 wherein the phosphorus containing material or the halogen containing material comprises P 4 S 10 or P 2 S 5 .
25 . The method of claim 16 wherein the solid-state electrolyte precursor powder comprises at least one of Li 2 S, P 3 N 5 , B 2 S 3 , Li 3 N, or LiX (1−a) Y a ;
where X and Y include halogens selected from F, Cl, Br, and I, or pseudohalogens selected from BH 4 , BF 4 , OCN, CN, SCN, SH, NO, and NO 2 ; and
where 0≤a≤1.
26 . The method of claim 16 wherein the solid-state electrolyte reactant powder comprises at least one of reactants Li 2 SO 4 , LiOH, P 2 S 5 , elemental phosphorus, H 2 S, elemental sulfur, carbon, ammonium, elemental boron, LiX, or LiY, where X and Y include halogens selected from F, C, Br, and I, or pseudohalogens selected from BH 4 , BF 4 , OCN, CN, SCN, SH, NO, and NO 2 .
27 . The method of claim 16 wherein the solid-state electrolyte reactant powder includes lithium containing reactants, phosphorus containing reactants, or sulfur containing reactants.
28 . The method of claim 27 wherein the lithium containing reactants include Li 2 SO 4 , LiOH, Li 2 O, Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , Li 3 N, LiX, and LiY where X and Y include halogens selected from F, Cl, Br, and I, or pseudohalogens selected from BH 4 , BF 4 , OCN, CN, SCN, SH, NO, and NO 2 .
29 . The method of claim 27 wherein the lithium containing reactants include LiX (1−a) Y a , wherein the X and Y include halogens, such as F, C, Br, or I, and/or pseudohalogens, such as BH 4 , BF 4 , OCN, CN, SCN, SH, NO, or NO 2 where 0≤a≤1.
30 . The method of claim 27 wherein the phosphorus containing reactants include P 2 S 5 , P 2 O 5 , and elemental phosphorus.
31 . The method of claim 27 wherein the sulfur containing reactants include H 2 S and elemental sulfur.
32 . The method of claim 27 wherein the solid-state electrolyte reactant powder further comprises other reactants including carbon, ammonium, and elemental boron.
33 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the solid-state electrolyte material comprises lithium rich anti-perovskite (LiRAP) materials.
34 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the solid-state electrolyte material comprises lithium-boron-sulfur (LBS) materials.
35 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the solid-state electrolyte material comprises sulfide electrolyte materials that contain phosphorus and/or a halogen (LPSX Materials).