Systems and methods for implementing automated flight following options and upgrading legacy flight management systems
This disclosure relates to improved techniques for upgrading legacy flight management systems (FMSs) installed in an aircraft. In certain embodiments, an integrated guidance system (IGS) can be installed in an aircraft having a legacy FMS to provide enhance flight functionalities, such as required navigation performance (RNP), localizer performance with vertical guidance (LPV), and automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B), capabilities. Additionally, the IGS described can include, inter alia, a navigator system that receives and processes information from an ADS-B system to implement a variety of automated following options, each of which can provide an automated mechanism for controlling a flight path of the aircraft relative to another aircraft that is being tracked by an ADS-B system.
1 . A method for controlling navigation of an aircraft, comprising:
receiving, by an automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) system installed in an aircraft, aircraft traffic information identifying one or more additional aircraft located in a vicinity of the aircraft;
providing the aircraft traffic information collected by the ADS-B system to a navigation guidance system;
configuring an operator interface coupled to the navigation guidance system with one or more selectable options corresponding to the one or more additional aircraft identified by the ADS-B system, the one or more selectable options enabling an operator to designate at least one target aircraft for flight path coordination and select an automated following option that controls a flight path of the aircraft in a predetermined relationship relative to the at least one target aircraft, wherein the operator interface utilizes the aircraft traffic information collected by the ADS-B system to generate a display that includes the one or more selectable options and the operator interface is configured to implement a defined sequence of operator selections as follows: i) a first selection that enables an operator to designate the at least one target aircraft identified by the ADS-B system; and ii) a second selection that enables the operator to select the automated following option from a plurality of distinct automated following options, each of which is configured to control the aircraft in a distinct predefined flightpath relationship relative to the at least one target aircraft designated by the first selection;
generating a flight plan to implement the automated following option identified by the second selection received via the operator interface, wherein the navigation guidance system generates the flight plan based, at least in part, on flight parameters obtained from the ADS-B system for the at least one target aircraft designated by the first selection received via the operator interface for flight path coordination, and the flight plan causes the flight path of the aircraft to be arranged in the predetermined relationship relative to one or more flight paths of the at least one target aircraft based on the flight parameters obtained from the ADS-B system; and
controlling, using the navigation guidance system, an autopilot and autothrottle (AP/AT) system to position the aircraft along the flight path in the predetermined relationship relative to the at least one target aircraft based, at least in part, on the flight plan generated for the automated following option.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the ADS-B system includes an ADS-B input that is configured to receive broadcast data indicating positions of the one or more additional aircraft located in the vicinity of the aircraft; and
the one or more selectable options are generated based, at least in part, on the broadcast data received by the ADS-B input.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the operator interface includes an electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) display, a standby unit display, a flight management system control display unit, a multi-function control and display unit, or other display device included in the aircraft.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the automated following option identified using the one or more selectable options is a follow distance option that causes the aircraft to follow behind the at least one target aircraft at a specified distance using the flight parameters from the ADS-B system.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the automated following option identified using the one or more selectable options is a follow height option that causes the aircraft to fly at a specified distance above or below the at least one target aircraft using the flight parameters from the ADS-B system.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the automated following option is a follow side-by-side option that causes the aircraft to fly laterally adjacent to the at least one target aircraft using the flight parameters from the ADS-B system.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the automated following option is a follow time option that causes the aircraft to follow behind the at least one target aircraft at a specified time interval using the flight parameters from the ADS-B system.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the automated following option is a follow offset option that causes the aircraft to fly at a three-dimension offset relative to the at least one target aircraft using the flight parameters from the ADS-B system.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the automated following option is a follow formation option that enables the aircraft to fly in a designated formation with the at least one target aircraft using the flight parameters from the ADS-B system.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
while operating the aircraft according to the automated following option, the ADS-B system continuously monitors the flight parameters for the at least one target aircraft and the navigation guidance system adjusts control of the autopilot and autothrottle system based on changes in the aircraft traffic information for the at least one target aircraft.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the aircraft includes a flight management system (FMS) and a switching unit; and
the switching unit permits an operator to switch between a first control mode, which utilizes the FMS to control navigation of the aircraft, and a second control mode, which utilizes the navigation guidance system to control navigation of the aircraft.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
transitioning the aircraft to the second control mode enables required navigation performance (RNP), localizer performance with vertical guidance (LPV), and ADS-B capabilities to be utilized in controlling the aircraft, and the RNP, LPV, and ADS-B capabilities are not available when the aircraft is transitioned to the first control mode.
13 . An aircraft system, comprising:
an automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) system installed in an aircraft and configured to receive aircraft traffic information identifying one or more additional aircraft located in a vicinity of the aircraft;
an operator interface;
an autopilot and autothrottle (AP/AT) system; and
a navigation guidance system coupled to the ADS-B system, the operator interface, and the AP/AT system;
wherein:
the aircraft traffic information received by the ADS-B system is provided to a navigation guidance system;
the operator interface is configured with one or more selectable options corresponding to the one or more additional aircraft identified by the ADS-B system, the one or more selectable options enabling an operator to designate at least one target aircraft for flight path coordination and select an automated following option that controls a flight path of the aircraft in a predetermined relationship relative to the at least one target aircraft;
the operator interface utilizes the aircraft traffic information collected by the ADS-B system to generate a display that includes the one or more selectable options and the operator interface is configured to implement a defined sequence of operator selections as follows: i) a first selection that enables an operator to designate the at least one target aircraft identified by the ADS-B system; and ii) a second selection that enables the operator to select the automated following option from a plurality of distinct automated following options, each of which is configured to control the aircraft in a distinct predefined flightpath relationship relative to the at least one target aircraft designated by the first selection;
the navigation guidance system is configured to generate a flight plan to implement the automated following option corresponding to the second selection received via the operator interface, wherein the navigation guidance system generates the flight plan based, at least in part, on flight parameters obtained from the ADS-B system for the at least one target aircraft designated by the first selection received via the operator interface for flight path coordination, and the flight plan is configured to cause the flight path of the aircraft to be arranged in the predetermined relationship relative to one or more flight paths of the at least one target aircraft; and
the navigation guidance system controls an autopilot and autothrottle (AP/AT) system to position the aircraft along the flight path in the predetermined relationship relative to the at least one target aircraft based, at least in part, on the flight plan generated for the automated following option.
14 . The aircraft system of claim 13 , wherein:
the ADS-B system includes an ADS-B input that is configured to receive broadcast data indicating positions of the one or more additional aircraft located in the vicinity of the aircraft; and
the one or more selectable options are generated based, at least in part, on the broadcast data received by the ADS-B input.
15 . The aircraft system of claim 13 , wherein the automated following option includes:
a follow distance option that causes the aircraft to follow behind the at least one target aircraft at a specified distance using the flight parameters from the ADS-B system;
a follow height option that causes the aircraft to fly at a specified distance above or below the at least one target aircraft using the flight parameters from the ADS-B system; or
a follow time option that causes the aircraft to follow behind the at least one target aircraft at a specified time interval using the flight parameters from the ADS-B system.
16 . The aircraft system of claim 13 , wherein the automated following option includes a follow side-by-side option that causes the aircraft to fly laterally adjacent to the at least one target aircraft.
17 . The aircraft system of claim 13 , wherein the automated following option includes:
a follow offset option that causes the aircraft to fly at a three-dimension offset relative to the at least one target aircraft using the flight parameters from the ADS-B system; or
a follow formation option that enables the aircraft to fly in a designated formation with the at least one target aircraft using the flight parameters from the ADS-B system.
18 . The aircraft system of claim 13 , wherein:
while operating the aircraft according to the automated following option, the ADS-B system continuously monitors the flight parameters for the at least one target aircraft and the navigation guidance system adjusts control of the autopilot and autothrottle system based on changes in the aircraft traffic information for the at least one target aircraft.
19 . The aircraft system of claim 13 , wherein:
the aircraft includes a flight management system (FMS) and a switching unit; and
the switching unit permits an operator to switch between a first control mode, which utilizes the FMS to control navigation of the aircraft, and a second control mode, which utilizes the navigation guidance system to control navigation of the aircraft.
20 . The aircraft system of claim 19 , wherein:
transitioning the aircraft to the second control mode enables required navigation performance (RNP), localizer performance with vertical guidance (LPV), and ADS-B capabilities to be utilized in controlling the aircraft, and the RNP, LPV, and ADS-B capabilities are not available when the aircraft is transitioned to the first control mode.
21 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the flight plan generated to implement the automated following option causes the flight path of the aircraft to be arranged in one or more of: a predetermined spatial alignment with the one or more flight paths of the at least one target aircraft identified by the ADS-B system or a predetermined temporal offset with the one or more flight paths of the at least one target aircraft identified by the ADS-B system.
22 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
while operating the aircraft according to the automated following option, the ADS-B system continuously monitors the flight parameters for the at least one target aircraft and, based on detected changes in the flight parameters received by the ADS-B system for at least one target aircraft, the navigation guidance system dynamically adjusts control of the autopilot and autothrottle system to maintain the predetermined relationship of the aircraft relative to the at least one target aircraft.