Frac fluids for far field diversion
Aqueous well treatment fluids especially suited for use in far field diversion in low viscosity carrier fluids comprise water, a friction reducer, and a diverter. The diverter comprises dissolvable particulates and proppants. The dissolvable particulates have a specific gravity of from about 0.9 to about 1.6 and a particle size of about 50 mesh or less. The proppants have a specific gravity of from about 0.9 to about 1.4 and a particle size of from about 20 to about 100 mesh. The dissolvable particulates have a higher specific gravity and a smaller particle size than the proppant.
1. A hydraulic fracturing fluid to enhance production when pumped into a subterranean formation in a well, the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprising:
(a) water;
(b) a friction reducer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamides and derivatives, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, the water and the friction reducer collectively defining an aqueous carrier fluid, and
(c) a diverter comprising:
(1) proppants having a specific gravity within a range of about 0.9 to about 1.4, the proppants consisting essentially of proppants having a particle size within a range of about 20 mesh to about 100 mesh; and
(2) dissolvable particulates (i) having a specific gravity within a range of about 0.9 to about 1.6 and (ii) consisting essentially of dissolvable particulates having a particle size within a range of about 100 mesh or less, the dissolvable particulates also having a specific gravity greater than or equal to the specific gravity of the proppants and a smaller particle size than the proppants.
2. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous carrier fluid comprises a surfactant.
3. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the specific gravity of the dissolvable particulates to the specific gravity of the proppant is within a range of about 1 to about 1.6.
4. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the specific gravity of the dissolvable particulates to the specific gravity of the proppant is within a range of about 1 to about 1.3.
5. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous carrier fluid has a viscosity within a range of about 12 cps or less.
6. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous carrier fluid has a viscosity within a range of about 8 cps or less.
7. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the maximum particle size of the proppant to that of the dissolvable particulates is within a range of about 1.5 to about 8.
8. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the maximum particle size of the proppant to that of the dissolvable particulates is within a range of about 2 to about 6.
9. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the dissolvable particulates have a specific gravity within a range of about 1 to about 1.4.
10. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the dissolvable particulates comprise polylactic acid.
11. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the proppants comprise a plurality of thermoset polymer beads having nanofillers.
12. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises a loading of the diverter within a range of about 0.1 to about 10 ppa.
13. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 12 , wherein the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises a loading of the diverter within a range of about 0.2 to about 5 ppa.
14. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 12 , wherein the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises a loading of the diverter within a range of about 0.5 to about 2 ppa.
15. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the dissolvable particulates to the proppants by weight is within a range of about 80:20 to about 20:80.
16. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the dissolvable particulates to the proppants by weight is within a range of about 60:40 to about 40:60.
17. A hydraulic fracturing fluid to enhance production when pumped into a subterranean formation in a well, the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprising:
(a) an aqueous carrier fluid comprising water and a friction reducer, the friction reducer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamides and derivatives, copolymers, and mixtures thereof; and
(b) a diverter, the diverter comprising:
(1) proppants having a specific gravity within a range of about 1 to about 1.1, the proppants consisting essentially of proppants having a particle size within a range of about 30 mesh to about 80 mesh; and
(2) dissolvable particulates (i) having a specific gravity within a range of about 1 to about 1.6 and (ii) consisting essentially of dissolvable particulates having a particle size of about 100 mesh or less, the dissolvable particulates also having a specific gravity greater than or equal to the specific gravity of the proppants and a smaller particle size than the proppants.
18. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 17 , wherein the aqueous carrier fluid comprises a surfactant, wherein the diverter comprises being in a range from about 0.1 to about 10 ppa, and wherein the ratio of the dissolvable particulates to the proppants by weight is within a range of about 80:20 to about 20:80.
19. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 17 , wherein the ratio of the specific gravity of the dissolvable particulates to the specific gravity of the proppant is in a range of about 1 to about 1.6, and wherein the aqueous carrier fluid has a viscosity within a range of about 12 cps or less.
20. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 17 , wherein the ratio of the maximum particle size of the proppant to that of the dissolvable particulates is in a range of about 1.5 to about 8.
21. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 17 , wherein the dissolvable particulates have a specific gravity within a range of about 1 to about 1.4.
22. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 21 , wherein the dissolvable particulates comprise polylactic acid.
23. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 17 , wherein the proppants comprise a plurality of thermoset polymer beads having nanofillers.
24. A hydraulic fracturing fluid to enhance production from a subterranean formation in a well, the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprising:
(a) an aqueous carrier fluid comprising water and a friction reducer, the friction reducer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamides and derivatives, copolymers, and mixtures thereof; and
(b) a diverter within a range from about 0.1 to about 10 ppa, the diverter comprising:
(1) proppants having a specific gravity within a range of about 1 to about 1.1, the proppants consisting essentially of proppants having a particle size within a range of about 30 mesh to about 80 mesh; and
(2) dissolvable particulates (i) having a specific gravity within range of about 1 to about 1.6 and (ii) consisting essentially of dissolvable particulates having a particle size within a range of about 100 mesh or less, the dissolvable particulates also having a specific gravity greater than or equal to the specific gravity of the proppants and a smaller particle size than the proppants, the ratio of the dissolvable particulates to the proppants by weight is within a range of about 80:20 to about 20:80.
25. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 24 , wherein the ratio of the specific gravity of the dissolvable particulates to the specific gravity of the proppant is in a range of about 1 to about 1.6, and wherein the aqueous carrier fluid has a viscosity within a range of about 12 cps or less.
26. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 24 , wherein the ratio of the maximum particle size of the proppant to that of the dissolvable particulates is in a range of about 1.5 to about 8.
27. The hydraulic fracturing fluid of claim 24 , wherein the dissolvable particulates have a specific gravity within a range of about 1 to about 1.4, and wherein the dissolvable particulates comprise polylactic acid.