Positive electrode active material and lithium secondary battery using the same
The present invention relates to a cobalt-free positive electrode active material having improved thermal stability and electrochemical properties, and a lithium secondary battery using the same.
1 . A positive electrode active material comprising lithium composite oxide containing at least nickel and manganese,
wherein the lithium composite oxide is partitioned into an inner bulk and an outer bulk that surrounds the surfaces of the inner bulk and has an Ni/Mn molar ratio of 1.0 or more and less than 2.33,
the Ni/Mn molar ratio of the outer bulk is smaller than the Ni/Mn molar ratio of the inner bulk, and
the volume fraction occupied by the outer bulk among the total volume of the lithium composite oxide is 7.4% or more and less than 27.1%.
2 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the Ni/Mn molar ratio of the outer bulk is 1.0 or more and 1.5 or less.
3 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the Ni/Mn molar ratio of the inner bulk is more than 4.26 and less than 9.00.
4 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of Ni to all metal elements except lithium in the inner bulk is 0.7 or more and less than 1.0.
5 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of Ni to all metal elements except lithium in the outer bulk is 0.5 or more and less than 0.8.
6 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the thickness of the outer bulk with respect to the radius of the lithium composite oxide is more than 0.025 and less than 0.10.
7 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the Ni content (mol %) of the outer bulk with respect to the Ni content (mol %) of the inner bulk is more than 0.556 and less than 0.740.
8 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the Mn content (mol %) of the outer bulk with respect to the Mn content (mol %) of the inner bulk is 2.2 or more and less than 5.0.
9 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a cation mixing layer is present on at least a part of the surface of the outer bulk.
10 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a cation mixing ratio of the outer bulk is higher than a cation mixing ratio of the inner bulk.
11 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the lithium composite oxide is a cobalt-free lithium composite oxide.
12 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein the lithium composite oxide is represented by Formula 1 below:
Li a Ni 1−(b+c+d) Mn b M1 c M2 d O 2−e X e [Formula 1]
(Wherein
M1 and M2 are each independently at least one selected from Ti, Zr, Nb, Al, B, V, W, Ca, K, S, P, Sr, Ba, Mn, Ce, Hf, Ta, Cr, Mg, Fe, Zn, Si, Y, Ga, Sn, Mo, Ge, Nd, Gd, and Cu,
M1 and M2 do not overlap each other,
X is a halogen element present in a state of being substituted with oxygen present in the lithium composite oxide,
0.95≤a≤1.05, 0<b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.05, 0≤d≤0.05, and 0≤e≤0.10).
13 . The positive electrode active material of claim 1 , wherein a coating layer including a metal oxide represented by Formula 2 below is formed on at least a part of the surface of the lithium composite oxide:
Li f M3 g O h [Formula 2]
(Wherein
M3 is at least one selected from Ni, Mn, Co, Ti, Zr, Nb, Al, B, V, W, Ca, K, S, P, Sr, Ba, Ce, Hf, Ta, Cr, Mg, Fe, Zn, Si, Y, Ga, Sn, Mo, Ge, Nd, Gd, and Cu,
0≤f≤10, 0≤g≤8, 2≤h≤13, and the case where f and g are both 0 is excluded).
14 . The positive electrode active material of claim 13 , wherein M3 comprises at least one selected from Ti and Zr.
15 . A positive electrode comprising the positive electrode active material of claim 1 .
16 . A lithium secondary battery using the positive electrode of claim 15 .