Polyamides with pendent pigments and related methods
A nonlimiting example method for synthesizing a pigment-pendent polyamide (PP-polyamide) may comprise: functionalizing metal oxide particles bound to a pigment particle with a compound having an epoxy to produce a surface treated pigment having a pendent epoxy; and reacting the pendent epoxy with a polyamide to yield the PP-polyamide. Another nonlimiting example method for synthesizing a PP-polyamide may comprise: functionalizing metal oxide particles bound to a pigment particle with a silica particle having a carboxylic acid surface treatment to produce a surface treated pigment having a pendent carboxylic acid; converting the pendent carboxylic acid to a pendent acid chloride; and reacting the pendent acid chloride with a polyamide to yield the PP-polyamide. Said PP-polyamide may be useful in producing objects by methods that include melt extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, melt spinning, melt emulsification, spray drying, cryogenic milling, freeze drying polymer dispersions, and precipitation of polymer dispersions.
1. A method comprising:
functionalizing metal oxide particles that are bound to a pigment particle with a silica particle having a carboxylic acid surface treatment to produce a surface treated pigment having a pendent carboxylic acid;
converting the pendent carboxylic acid to a pendent acid chloride; and
reacting the pendent acid chloride with a polyamide to yield a pigment-pendent polyamide (PP-polyamide).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particles comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of: titanium dioxide, a titanium suboxide, a titanium oxynitride, Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , SnO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , ZnO, CuO, NiO, zirconium oxide, and an iron titanium oxide.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pigment particle comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of: synthetic mica, natural mica, talc, sericite, kaolin, glass, SiO 2 flakes, Al 2 O 3 flakes, glass flakes, acicular pigments, CaSO 4 , iron oxides, chromium oxides, carbon black, metal effect pigments, optically variable pigments, liquid crystal polymer pigments, and holographic pigments.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silica particle having the carboxylic acid surface treatment comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of: 3-aminopropyl-(3-oxobutanoic) acid functionalized silica, 3-propylsulphonic acid-functionalized silica gel, propylcarboxylic acid functionalized silica, triaminetetraacetic acid-functionalized silica gel, propionyl chloride-functionalized silica gel, 3-carboxypropyl functionalized silica gel, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)-functionalized silica gel, and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-functionalized silica gel.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyamide is selected from the group consisting of: polycaproamide, poly(hexamethylene succinamide), polyhexamethylene adipamide, polypentamethylene adipamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polyundecaamide, polydodecaamide, polyhexamethylene terephthalamide, nylon 10,10, nylon 10,12, nylon 10,14, nylon 10,18, nylon 6,18, nylon 6,12, nylon 6,14, nylon 12,12, a semi-aromatic polyamide, an aromatic polyamide, any copolymer thereof, and any combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reacting of the pendent acid chloride with the polyamide comprises melt mixing the pigment particle having a functionality with the pendent acid chloride with the polyamide for 15 minutes to about 1 hour at about 125° C. to about 250° C.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the pigment to the polyamide is about 1:10 to about 1:1000.
8. A composition comprising:
a polyamide having a pigment pendent from a backbone of the polyamide, wherein the pigment comprises metal oxide particles on the surface of a pigment particle.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the polyamide is selected from the group consisting of: polycaproamide, poly(hexamethylene succinamide), polyhexamethylene adipamide, polypentamethylene adipamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polyundecaamide, polydodecaamide, polyhexamethylene terephthalamide, nylon 10,10, nylon 10,12, nylon 10,14, nylon 10,18, nylon 6,18, nylon 6,12, nylon 6,14, nylon 12,12, a semi-aromatic polyamide, an aromatic polyamide, any copolymer thereof, and any combination thereof.
10. The composition of claim 8 , wherein a weight ratio of the pigment to the polyamide is about 1:10 to about 1:1000.
11. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the pigment particle comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of: synthetic mica, natural mica, talc, sericite, kaolin, glass, SiO 2 flakes, Al 2 O 3 flakes, glass flakes, acicular pigments, CaSO 4 , iron oxides, chromium oxides, carbon black, metal effect pigments, optically variable pigments, liquid crystal polymer pigments, and holographic pigments.
12. An article comprising: the composition of claim 8 .
13. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the metal oxide particles comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of: titanium dioxide, a titanium suboxide, a titanium oxynitride, Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , SnO 2 , ZnO, CuO, NiO, zirconium oxide, and an iron titanium oxide.