Minimally invasive microsampler for intact removal of surface deposits and substrates
A method of sampling a multi-layered material and a micro-sampling tool are described. The sampling method includes penetrating a top surface of a material in a component of interest with a micro-cutting tool to a predetermined depth sufficient to include each layer of the multi-layered material and a portion of the base, without cutting through the full depth of the base, under-cutting from the depth of penetration through the base to define a micro-sample of the multi-layered material, and removing the micro-sample with each layer of the multi-layered material intact. The micro-sampler includes a cutting tool calibrated to cut to a depth no greater than 2 mm, and in some aspects, no greater than 200 microns into a multi-layered material, the material having a top surface and a metallic or ceramic base and a container for removing and storing a micro-sample cut from the material with each layer of the multi-layered material and a portion of the base intact.
1. A method of sampling a multi-layered material, the multi-layered material having a top surface and a base layer, the base layer made of nuclear cladding material, the method comprising:
penetrating the top surface of the multi-layered material with a micro-cutting tool to a predetermined depth sufficient to include each layer of the multi-layered material and a portion of the base layer made of nuclear cladding material, without cutting through the full depth of the base layer of nuclear cladding material;
under-cutting from the depth of penetration through the base layer of nuclear cladding material to define a micro-sample of the multi-layered material; and
removing the micro-sample from the multi-layered material such that each layer of the multi-layered material defined by the micro-sample remains intact.
2. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the depth of penetration is no greater than 2 mm.
3. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the depth of penetration is no greater than 200 microns.
4. The method recited in claim 1 wherein penetrating the top surface comprises making a first cut at a first angle relative to the plane of the top surface and making a second cut at a second angle relative to the plane of the top surface.
5. The method recited in claim 4 wherein the first and second angles are right angles.
6. The method recited in claim 4 wherein the surface is flat and the first and second angles are supplemental angles relative to the surface.
7. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the step of removing the micro-sample comprises drawing the micro-sample into a container and sealing the container.
8. The method recited in claim 7 wherein the micro-sample is drawn into the container by suction.
9. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the top surface is curved and the penetrating and under-cutting are performed simultaneously through an arc of the curve.
10. The method recited in claim 9 wherein the micro-cutting tool comprises a wire electrical discharge machine in a liquid coolant.
11. The method recited in claim 10 wherein the wire electrical discharge machine comprises a wire wound for movement around each of two rollers spaced from each other, a pair of computer controlled guides disposed between the rollers for directing the moving wire to a predetermined distance and angle into the top surface of the material to define the angle and depth of penetration and the shape and size of the micro-sample.
12. The method recited in claim 11 wherein the coolant is water.
13. The method recited in claim 11 wherein the guides move the wire in X and Y planes.
14. The method recited in claim 13 wherein at least one of the guides move the wire in up to three additional planes.
15. The method recited in claim 9 wherein the micro-cutting tool comprises a micro-focus laser.
16. The method recited in claim 9 wherein the top surface is convex.
17. The method recited in claim 16 wherein the micro-cutting tool comprises a micro-diamond wire saw, and the tool further comprises a wire wound for movement around each of two rollers spaced from each other, a pair of computer controlled guides disposed between the rollers for directing the moving wire to a predetermined distance and angle into the top surface of the material to define the angle and depth of penetration and the shape and size of the micro-sample.
18. The method recited in claim 17 wherein the diameter of the wire in the micro-diamond wire saw is less than or equal to 150 microns.
19. The method recited in claim 9 wherein the top surface is concave.
20. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the multi-layered material is a portion of a nuclear cladding tube.
21. A micro-sampler comprising:
a cutting tool calibrated to cut to a depth less than half the thickness of a multi-layered material, the multi-layered material having a top surface and a base layer of nuclear cladding material; and
a container for removing and storing a micro-sample cut from the multi-layered material, the micro-sample to be cut from the multi-layered material, by the cutting tool, such that each layer of the multi-layered material and a portion of the base layer of nuclear cladding material defined by the micro-sample remain intact.
22. The micro-sampler recited in claim 21 wherein the container comprises:
a chamber;
a filter separating the chamber into first and second sections;
an inlet channel having one end opening into the first section of the chamber and a second open end for operative connection to a site of interest to be removed by the cutting tool; and,
a vacuum port fluidly connected on one end to the second section of the chamber and another end fluidly connected to a vacuum source.
23. The micro-sampler recited in claim 21 wherein the cutting tool is a micro-diamond wire saw.
24. The micro-sampler recited in claim 23 wherein the micro-diamond wire saw comprises:
two wire spools;
two wire rollers positioned on a path between the two spools;
a wire wound for movement around each of the two spools and the two rollers, wherein the wire moves in a reciprocal manner between the two rollers; and
the rollers being operatively connected to computer controlled guides for directing the moving wire from one wire roller to another, with the depth of the cut set by the distance between and the diameter of the guides.
25. The micro-sampler recited in claim 21 wherein the cutting tool is a wire electrical discharge machine comprising:
two rollers spaced from each other;
a wire wound for movement around each of the two rollers;
a pair of computer controlled guides disposed between the two rollers for directing the moving wire to a predetermined distance and angle into the top surface of the material to define the shape and size of the micro-sample; and
a liquid coolant surrounding the wire and a site of interest to be removed.
26. The micro-sampler recited in claim 25 wherein the guides move the wire in X and Y planes.
27. The micro-sampler recited in claim 26 wherein at least one of the guides move the wire in up to three additional planes.
28. The micro-sampler recited in claim 21 wherein the cutting tool calibrated to cut to a depth up to 2 mm.
29. The micro-sampler recited in claim 21 wherein the cutting tool calibrated to cut to a depth less than or equal to 200 microns.
30. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the top surface includes an oxidation layer on the base layer of nuclear cladding material.
31. The micro-sampler of claim 21 , wherein the top surface includes an oxidation layer on the base layer of nuclear cladding material.
32. A method of sampling a nuclear fuel element, the nuclear fuel element having a cladding layer, an oxidation layer on the cladding layer, and a deposit layer on the oxidation layer, the method comprising:
penetrating through the deposit layer, the oxidation layer, and a portion of the cladding layer with a cutting tool to a predetermined depth;
under-cutting from the depth of penetration through the cladding layer to define a sample of the nuclear fuel element; and
removing the sample from the nuclear fuel element.
33. The method recited in claim 32 , wherein the sample is removed from the nuclear fuel element with the cladding layer, the oxidation layer, and the deposit layer of the sample arranged in the same manner as before their removal.
34. The method recited in claim 32 , wherein the sample is removed from the nuclear fuel element with the cladding layer, the oxidation layer, and the deposit layer of the sample intact.