Fatigue-resistant flexible road structure
A fatigue-resistant flexible road structure that includes one or more sub-base structural support layers positioned over a compacted earth foundation. At least one of the sub-base structural support layers is an elastic sub-base layer for more completely distributing surface loads. The elastic sub-base layer includes aggregate, filler, binder, and recycled tire rubber. The recycled tire rubber is included in an amount of 3% to 5% by weight of the sum of aggregate, filler, and rubber. The elastic sub-base layer has a fatigue life at least 25 percent greater than a non-elastic sub-base layer without recycled rubber. Further, the elastic sub-base layer has a modulus of elasticity at least 25 percent lower than a non-elastic sub-base layer without recycled rubber.
1 . A fatigue-resistant flexible road structure comprising:
one or more sub-base structural support layers positioned over a compacted earth foundation, at least one of the one or more sub-base structural support layers being an elastic sub-base layer including aggregate, filler, binder, and recycled tire rubber, the recycled tire rubber being included in an amount of 3% to 5% by weight of the sum of aggregate, filler, and rubber, the elastic sub-base layer having a fatigue life at least 25 percent greater than a non-elastic sub-base layer without recycled rubber and the elastic sub-base layer having a modulus of elasticity at least 25 percent lower than a non-elastic sub-base layer without recycled rubber;
one or more load-distributing base layers positioned over the one or more sub-base structural support layers, the one or more load-distributing base layers including at least aggregate, filler, and binder, and having an air void content of approximately 3 to 5 percent;
one or more surface layers positioned above the one or more load-distributing base layers, the one or more surface layers including at least one vehicle-contacting layer configured to prevent surface water from entering the base and sub-base layers, the one or more surface layers having an air void content greater than the air void content of the one or more load-distributing base layers.
2 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 1 , wherein the elastic sub-base layer is a dry process sub-base layer wherein the aggregate is present in an amount from approximately 82 to 86.5 weight percent and a particle size distribution of approximately 0.075 mm to 50 mm, the filler is present in an amount approximately 7 to 9 percent by weight and a particle size smaller than approximately 0.075 mm, and the binder is present in an amount of approximately 3.5 to 6 percent by weight.
3 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 1 , wherein the elastic sub-base layer binder is a bituminous binder.
4 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 1 , wherein the one or more load-distributing base layer binder is a bituminous binder.
5 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 1 , wherein the one or more surface layers includes an upper vehicle-contacting surface layer and a lower surface layer.
6 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 5 , wherein the upper vehicle-contacting surface layer has an air void content of approximately 18 to 25 percent.
7 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 5 , wherein the lower surface layer has an air void content of approximately 3 to 5 percent.
8 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 1 , wherein a total thickness of the one or more sub-base structural support layers 400 to 800 millimeters.
9 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 1 , wherein a total thickness of the one or more surface layers is 40 to 80 millimeters.
10 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 1 , wherein a total thickness of the one or more base layers is 50 to 200 millimeters.
11 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sub-base structural support layers includes a lower sub-base layer and an upper sub-base layer and wherein the elastic sub-base layer is the upper sub-base layer.
12 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sub-base structural support layers includes a lower sub-base layer and an upper sub-base layer and wherein the elastic sub-base layer is the upper sub-base layer and wherein the lower sub-base layer includes aggregates without a binder.
13 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 2 , wherein the recycled rubber has a particle size distribution of 40 to 50 percent fine particles have a particle size of 0.075 to 1.18 millimeter and 50 to 60 percent coarse particles having a particle size of 1.18 to 5 millimeters.
14 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 2 , wherein the recycled rubber has a particle size distribution of 30 to 40 percent fine particles have a particle size of 0.075 to 1.18 millimeter and 60 to 70 percent coarse particles having a particle size of 1.18 to 5 millimeters.
15 . The fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 2 , wherein the recycled rubber has a particle size distribution of 10 to 20 percent fine particles have a particle size of 0.075 to 1.18 millimeter and 80 to 90 percent coarse particles having a particle size of 1.18 to 5 millimeters.
16 . A method for making the fatigue-resistant flexible road structure of claim 2 , where, for the elastic sub-base layer:
the aggregate is mixed with recycled tire rubber to form an aggregate-recycled tire mixture;
the binder is added to the aggregate-recycled tire mixture; followed by mixing in the filler at a mixing temperature.
17 . The method according to claim 16 , further comprising annealing a mixture of aggregate, filler, binder, and recycled tire rubber at an annealing temperature by one or more compaction cycles.
18 . The method according to claim 17 , wherein the one or more compaction cycles includes a first compaction, cooling and a second compaction until the temperature at a surface is below 40° C.