SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS, DIAGNOSIS, RISK STRATIFICATION, DECISION MAKING AND/OR DISEASE TRACKING
The disclosure herein relates to systems, methods, and devices for medical image analysis, diagnosis, risk stratification, decision making and/or disease tracking. In some embodiments, the systems, devices, and methods described herein are configured to analyze non-invasive medical images of a subject to automatically and/or dynamically identify one or more features, such as plaque and vessels, and/or derive one or more quantified plaque parameters, such as radiodensity, radiodensity composition, volume, radiodensity heterogeneity, geometry, location, perform computational fluid dynamics analysis, facilitate assessment of risk of heart disease and coronary artery disease, enhance drug development, determine a CAD risk factor goal, provide atherosclerosis and vascular morphology characterization, and determine indication of myocardial risk, and/or the like. In some embodiments, the systems, devices, and methods described herein are further configured to generate one or more assessments of plaque-based diseases from raw medical images using one or more of the identified features and/or quantified parameters.
1 . A computer-implemented method for image-based phenotyping to enhance drug discovery or development, the method comprising:
accessing, by a computer system, a first medical image of a test case patient;
analyzing, by the computer system, the first medical image of the test case patient to perform quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis associated with the test case patient, the quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis comprising analysis of one or more of plaque volume, plaque composition, or plaque progression;
accessing, by the computer system, a second medical image of a control patient;
analyzing, by the computer system, the second medical image of the test case patient to perform quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis associated with the control patient, the quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis comprising analysis of one or more of plaque volume, plaque composition, or plaque progression;
relating, by the computer system, outputs of assays performed on biological specimens obtained from the test case patient and the control patient to the atherosclerosis features and vascular morphology characteristics associated with the test case patient and the control patient, respectively; and
based on the related outputs of the assays and atherosclerosis features and vascular morphology characteristics, identifying, by the computer system, biological specimen assay outputs as targets for drug discovery or development,
wherein the computer system comprises a computer processor and an electronic storage medium.
2 . The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the targets for drug discovery and development are identified based on comparison of the test case patient to the control patient.
3 . The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , wherein the comparison of the test case patient to the control patient is based on comparing the quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis of the test case patient and the control patient.
4 . The computer-implemented method of claim 3 , wherein the comparison of the test case patient to the control patient is based on comparing changes of the quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis of the test case patient and the control patient over time.
5 . The computer-implemented method of claim 4 , wherein the changes are evaluated based on quantitative phenotyping performed at greater than two points of time.
6 . The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the comparison of the test case patient to the control patient is based on comparing the outputs of assays performed on biological specimens obtained from the test case patient and the control patient.
7 . The computer-implemented method of claim 6 , wherein the comparison of the test case patient to the control patient is based on comparing changes of the outputs of assays performed on biological specimens obtained from the test case patient and the control patient over time.
8 . The computer-implemented method of claim 4 , wherein the changes are evaluated based on quantitative phenotyping performed at greater than two points of time.
9 . The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the biological specimen assay outputs as targets for drug discovery or development comprise one or more of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and epigenetics.
10 . The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the quantitative phenotyping is further comprises an analysis of one or more of plaque remodeling, plaque location, plaque diffuseness, and plaque direction.
11 . The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis is performed based at least in part on analysis of density values of one or more pixels of the medical image corresponding to plaque.
12 . The computer-implemented method of claim 11 , wherein the plaque volume comprises one or more of total plaque volume, calcified plaque volume, non-calcified plaque volume, or low-density non-calcified plaque volume.
13 . The computer-implemented method of claim 11 , wherein the density values comprise radiodensity values.
14 . The computer-implemented method of claim 11 , wherein the plaque composition comprises composition of one or more of calcified plaque, non-calcified plaque, or low-density non-calcified plaque.
15 . The computer-implemented method of claim 14 , wherein one or more of the calcified plaque, non-calcified plaque, of low-density non-calcified plaque is identified based at least in part on radiodensity values of one or more pixels of the medical image corresponding to plaque.
16 . The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the biologic specimens are obtained from one or more of the following: saliva, blood, or stool.
17 . The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the biologic specimens are analyzed to determine one or more of genetics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, microbiomics.
18 . The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the medical image comprises a Computed Tomography (CT) image.
19 . The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the medical image is obtained using an imaging technique comprising one or more of CT, x-ray, ultrasound, echocardiography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), MR imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), nuclear medicine imaging, positron-emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), or near-field infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
20 . A system for improving accuracy of coronary artery disease measurements in non-invasive imaging analysis, the system comprising:
one or more computer readable storage devices configured to store a plurality of computer executable instructions; and
one or more hardware computer processors in communication with the one or more computer readable storage devices and configured to execute the plurality of computer executable instructions in order to cause the system to:
access a first medical image of a test case patient;
analyze first medical image of the test case patient to perform quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis associated with the test case patient, the quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis comprising analysis of one or more of plaque volume, plaque composition, or plaque progression;
access a second medical image of a control patient;
analyze the second medical image of the test case patient to perform quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis associated with the control patient, the quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis comprising analysis of one or more of plaque volume, plaque composition, or plaque progression;
relate outputs of assays performed on biological specimens obtained from the test case patient and the control patient to the atherosclerosis features and vascular morphology characteristics associated with the test case patient and the control patient, respectively; and
based on the related outputs of the assays and atherosclerosis features and vascular morphology characteristics, identify biological specimen assay outputs as targets for drug discovery or development
21 . The system of claim 20 , wherein the targets for drug discovery and development are identified based on comparison of the test case patient to the control patient.
22 . The system of claim 21 , wherein the comparison of the test case patient to the control patient is based on comparing the quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis of the test case patient and the control patient.
23 . The system of claim 22 , wherein the comparison of the test case patient to the control patient is based on comparing changes of the quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis of the test case patient and the control patient over time.
24 . The system of claim 23 , wherein the changes are evaluated based on quantitative phenotyping performed at greater than two points of time.
25 . The system of claim 20 , wherein the comparison of the test case patient to the control patient is based on comparing the outputs of assays performed on biological specimens obtained from the test case patient and the control patient.
26 . The system of claim 25 , wherein the comparison of the test case patient to the control patient is based on comparing changes of the outputs of assays performed on biological specimens obtained from the test case patient and the control patient over time.
27 . The system of claim 26 , wherein the changes are evaluated based on quantitative phenotyping performed at greater than two points of time.
28 . The system of claim 20 , wherein the biological specimen assay outputs as targets for drug discovery or development comprise one or more of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and epigenetics.
29 . The system of claim 20 , wherein the quantitative phenotyping is further comprises an analysis of one or more of plaque remodeling, plaque location, plaque diffuseness, and plaque direction.
30 . The system of claim 20 , wherein the quantitative phenotyping of atherosclerosis is performed based at least in part on analysis of density values of one or more pixels of the medical image corresponding to plaque.
31 . The system of claim 29 , wherein the plaque volume comprises one or more of total plaque volume, calcified plaque volume, non-calcified plaque volume, or low-density non-calcified plaque volume.
32 . The system of claim 29 , wherein the density values comprise radiodensity values.
33 . The system of claim 29 , wherein the plaque composition comprises composition of one or more of calcified plaque, non-calcified plaque, or low-density non-calcified plaque.
34 . The system of claim 33 , wherein one or more of the calcified plaque, non-calcified plaque, of low-density non-calcified plaque is identified based at least in part on radiodensity values of one or more pixels of the medical image corresponding to plaque.
35 . The system of claim 20 , wherein the biologic specimens are obtained from one or more of the following: saliva, blood, or stool.
36 . The system of claim 20 , wherein the biologic specimens are analyzed to determine one or more of genetics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, microbiomics.
37 . The system of claim 20 , wherein the medical image comprises a Computed Tomography (CT) image.
38 . The system of claim 20 , wherein the medical image is obtained using an imaging technique comprising one or more of CT, x-ray, ultrasound, echocardiography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), MR imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), nuclear medicine imaging, positron-emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), or near-field infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).