System and method for liquid fuel production from carbonaceous materials using recycled conditioned syngas
A method of producing liquid fuel and/or chemicals from a carbonaceous material entails combusting a conditioned syngas in pulse combustion heat exchangers of a steam reformer to help convert carbonaceous material into first reactor product gas which includes carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. A portion of the first reactor product gas is transferred to a hydrogen reformer into which additional conditioned syngas is added and a reaction carried out to produce an improved syngas. The improved syngas is then subject to one or more gas clean-up steps to form a new conditioned syngas. A portion of the new conditioned syngas is recycled to be used as the conditioned syngas in the pulse combustion heat exchangers and in the hydrocarbon reformer. A system for carrying out the method include, a steam reformer, a hydrocarbon reformer, first and second gas-cleanup systems, a synthesis system and an upgrading system.
1. A system for using a recycled conditioned syngas, the system comprising:
a steam reformer connected to a first source of recycled conditioned syngas for combusting therein to provide heat and to produce a first reactor product gas;
a hydrocarbon reformer connected to a second source of recycled conditioned syngas and to a stream containing oxygen gas to form a combustion zone and/or a reaction zone of the hydrocarbon reformer, and further configured to receive a portion of the first reactor product gas, the hydrocarbon reformer configured to produce an improved syngas; and
at least one gas clean-up system configured to receive the improved syngas and remove at least one contaminant in the improved syngas to produce a new conditioned syngas, the at least one gas clean-up system comprising a gas clean-up system output through which the new conditioned syngas exits,
wherein the gas clean-up system output serves as the first source of recycled conditioned syngas connected to the steam reformer and as the second source of recycled conditioned syngas connected to the hydrocarbon reformer.
2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the steam reformer comprises a particulate heat transfer material.
3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the steam reformer comprises a plurality of pulse combustion heat exchangers in thermal contact with the particulate heat transfer material.
4. The system according to claim 3 , wherein at least one of the plurality of pulse combustion heat exchangers is configured to combust at least a portion of the first source of recycled conditioned syngas to indirectly heat the particulate heat transfer material.
5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon reformer is configured to receive a portion of the first reactor product gas and a portion of the second source of recycled conditioned syngas through separate inputs.
6. The system according to claim 1 , comprising:
a carbon trim cell having a second reactor gas input and a second reactor gas output, the second reactor gas input connected to the steam reformer and configured to receive char from the steam reformer, the second reactor gas output configured to output a second reactor product gas,
wherein the hydrocarbon reformer is configured to receive a portion of the second reactor product gas to form the improved syngas.
7. The system according to claim 6 , further comprising:
a combined reactor product gas conduit connected to both the steam reformer and the carbon trim cell, and configured to receive a portion of the first reactor product gas and a portion of the second reactor product gas,
wherein the hydrocarbon reformer is connected to the combined reactor product gas conduit and is configured to receive a portion of the first reactor product gas and a portion of the second reactor product gas to form the improved syngas.
8. The system according to claim 6 , wherein the hydrocarbon reformer is configured to receive a portion of the second reactor product gas and a portion of the second source of recycled conditioned syngas through separate inputs.
9. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one gas cleanup system comprises:
a first gas clean-up system configured to receive the improved syngas from the hydrocarbon reformer and output a primary conditioned syngas in response thereto;
a compression system configured to compress the primary conditioned syngas; and
a second gas clean-up system configured to receive the compressed primary conditioned syngas from the compression system and output a second conditioned syngas in response thereto,
wherein the new conditioned syngas comprises at least one of the primary conditioned syngas and the second conditioned syngas.
10. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the new conditioned syngas comprises only the second conditioned syngas.
11. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the second gas clean-up system is further configured to remove one or more contaminants comprising carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, or a combination thereof.
12. The system according to claim 9 , further comprising:
a hydrogen separation system connected to the gas clean-up system output and configured to receive a portion of the new conditioned syngas and to produce a first off-gas stream and hydrogen.
13. The system according to claim 12 , wherein a portion of the first off-gas stream is transferred to the steam reformer, the hydrocarbon reformer, and/or a gas turbine system configured to receive a portion of the first off-gas stream to produce electricity.
14. The system according to claim 12 , further comprising:
an upgrading system configured to receive a portion of the hydrogen to produce one or more of an upgraded liquid fuel, naphtha, and a second off-gas stream.
15. The system according to claim 14 , wherein a portion of the naphtha is transferred to the steam reformer, the hydrocarbon reformer, and/or a gas turbine system configured to receive a portion of the naphtha to produce electricity.
16. The system according to claim 14 , wherein a portion of the second off-gas stream is transferred to the steam reformer, the hydrocarbon reformer, and/or a gas turbine system configured to receive a portion of the second off-gas stream to produce electricity.
17. The system according to claim 1 , comprising:
a synthesis system connected to the gas clean-up system output and configured to receive a first portion of the new conditioned syngas, wherein the synthesis system is configured to output one or more synthesis products.
18. The system according to claim 17 , wherein a portion of the one or more synthesis products is transferred to the steam reformer, the hydrocarbon reformer, and/or a gas turbine system configured to receive a portion of one or more synthesis products to produce electricity.
19. The system according to claim 17 , wherein at least one of the one or more synthesis products is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon, a tail gas, a liquid fuel, and a chemical.
20. The system according to claim 17 , wherein the synthesis system comprises at least one catalyst.
21. The system according to claim 17 , wherein the synthesis system comprises a bioreactor containing microorganisms, and wherein the bioreactor is configured to produce ethanol.
22. The system according to claim 17 , wherein the synthesis system comprises a bioreactor containing microorganisms, and wherein the bioreactor is configured to produce one or more of 3-hydroxypropionate; mevalonate; mevalonic acid; isoprene; aromatics; benzoate (p-hydroxyl, 2-amino, dihydroxy); salicylate; 1-propanol; 1,2-propanediol; (R)-1,2-propanediol; (S)-1,2-propanediol; mixed isomers of 1,2-propanediol; acetoin; methyl ethyl ketone; branched-chain amino acids; valine, leucine, isoleucine; succinate; lactate; 2,3-butanediol; (R,R)-2,3-butanediol; meso-2,3-butanediol; mixed isomers of 2,3-butanediol; citramalate; 1,3-butanediol; (R)-1,3-butanediol; (S)-1,3-butanediol; mixed isomers of 1,3-butanediol; 3-hydroxybutyrate; (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate; (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate; mixed isomers of 3-hydroxybutyrate; butyrate; acetone; isopropanol; acetate; 1,3-butadiene; biopolymers; isobutene; and long chain alcohols.
23. The system according to claim 17 , further comprising:
a syngas compressor configured to compress a portion of the new conditioned syngas prior to exiting the at least one gas clean-up system output and entering the synthesis system.
24. The system according to claim 17 , further comprising:
an upgrading system configured to receive a portion of the one or more synthesis products to produce one or more upgraded products.
25. The system according to claim 24 , wherein at least one of the one or more upgraded products is selected from the group consisting of an upgraded liquid fuel and an upgraded chemical.
26. A method of producing liquid fuel and/or chemicals from a carbonaceous material, the method comprising:
combusting a first portion of conditioned syngas in a steam reformer, thereby causing a carbonaceous material to react with a superheated steam to produce a first reactor product gas;
reacting a second portion of conditioned syngas and a stream containing oxygen gas an with at least a portion of the first reactor product gas in a hydrocarbon reformer to produce an improved syngas;
performing clean-up of the improved syngas to produce new conditioned syngas;
transferring a first portion of the new conditioned syngas to a synthesis system to produce tail gas and at least one from the group consisting of liquid fuel and chemicals; and
recycling a second portion of the new conditioned syngas for use as the first portion of conditioned syngas and the second portion of conditioned syngas.