Methods for forming electronic device housings
Housings for electronic devices may include a steel body, such as a stainless steel body, that has an outer portion and an inner portion. The outer portion may exhibit an average Vickers hardness of 200 HV or higher. The inner portion may exhibit an average Vickers hardness of 180 HV or lower. The lower hardness of the inner portion may facilitate working the material of the inner portion, such as to form attachment points, protrusions, holes, or other features. Various additional devices, methods, and systems are also disclosed.
1 . A housing for an electronic device, comprising:
a steel body including an outer portion and an inner portion, wherein
the outer portion exhibits an average Vickers hardness of 200 HV or higher and
the inner portion exhibits an average Vickers hardness of 180 HV or lower; and
at least one biometric sensor configured to sense at least one biometric of a user.
2 . The housing of claim 1 , wherein the outer portion exhibits an average Vickers hardness of 250 HV or higher and the inner portion exhibits an average Vickers hardness of 170 HV or lower.
3 . The housing of claim 1 , wherein a difference between the average Vickers hardness of the outer portion and the average Vickers hardness of the inner portion is at least 100 HV.
4 . The housing of claim 1 , wherein the steel body comprises a stainless steel body.
5 . The housing of claim 4 , wherein the stainless steel body comprises a 316 stainless steel material.
6 . The housing of claim 1 , wherein the outer portion exhibits a surface roughness of 0.2 μm Ra roughness or less.
7 . The housing of claim 1 , wherein the housing further comprises at least one inner protrusion extending inward from a peripheral ring of the housing.
8 . The housing of claim 1 , wherein the at least one biometric sensor comprises at least one of:
a heart rate sensor;
a blood oxygen sensor;
a blood pressure sensor; or
a neuromuscular signal sensor.
9 . The housing of claim 1 , further comprising at least one electrical component within the housing, wherein the electrical component comprises a wristwatch component.
10 . The housing of claim 1 , further comprising at least one electrical component within the housing, wherein the electrical component includes fitness tracker components.
11 . The housing of claim 1 , wherein the inner portion of the steel body comprises at least one machined feature.
12 . The housing of claim 11 , wherein the at least one machined feature comprises at least one of:
a recess;
a protrusion; or
a hole.
13 . An electronic device, comprising:
a housing, comprising a stainless steel body including a radially outer portion and a radially inner portion, wherein: the radially outer portion exhibits an average Vickers hardness of 200 HV or higher and the radially inner portion exhibits an average Vickers hardness of 180 HV or lower, a difference between the average Vickers hardness of the radially outer portion and the average Vickers hardness of the radially inner portion is at least 100 HV, and the radially inner portion comprises at least one machined feature; and
the housing further comprises at least one biometric sensor configured to sense at least one biometric of a user.
14 . The electronic device of claim 13 , wherein the housing further comprises at least one of:
a wristwatch component; or
a fitness tracker component.
15 . A method of forming a housing for an electronic device, the method comprising:
heating an inner portion of a cold-drawn steel material to reduce a hardness of the steel material of the inner portion while maintaining an outer portion of the cold-drawn steel material at a lower temperature than the inner portion, such that the outer portion exhibits a higher hardness than the inner portion; and
after the heating, machining at least one feature in the inner portion of the cold-drawn steel material.
16 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising polishing a surface of the outer portion to a surface roughness of 0.2 μm Ra or less.
17 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising forging at least one feature into the outer portion of the cold-drawn steel material.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein forging the at least one feature into the outer portion of the cold-drawn steel material comprises causing at least a portion of the outer portion to have a rounded profile.
19 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the cold-drawn steel material has a tube shape.