Methods and apparatus to detect commercial advertisements associated with media presentations

1. A system comprising:

memory having stored therein machine-readable instructions; and

one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions, wherein the machine-readable instructions cause, when executed by the one or more processors, the system to:

obtain a sample of a media presentation;

access timing information associated with video compression encoding of video frames of the sample of the media presentation;

detect a discontinuity in the timing information associated with video compression encoding between a first video frame of the sample of the media presentation and a second video frame adjacent to the first video frame of the sample of the media presentation;

determine that the first video frame is blank;

determine that an audio frame of the sample of the media presentation that corresponds to the first video frame satisfies an audio power threshold; and

based at least on the detecting the discontinuity in the timing information, the determining that the first video frame is blank, and the determining that the audio frame satisfies the audio power threshold, indicate a commercial transition between the first video frame and the second video frame in the sample of the media presentation.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the commercial transition is between a program and an advertisement.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the commercial transition is between a first advertisement and a second advertisement.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the discontinuity in the timing information is indicative of the commercial transition.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the media presentation is a television transmission feed.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sample of the media presentation is obtained from a monitoring device associated with a media monitoring entity.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the machine-readable instructions further cause, when executed by the one or more processors, the system to label the commercial transition as a beginning of an advertisement.

8. A method comprising:

obtaining a sample of a media presentation;

accessing timing information associated with video compression encoding of video frames of the sample of the media presentation;

detecting a discontinuity in the timing information associated with video compression encoding between a first video frame of the sample of the media presentation and a second video frame adjacent to the first video frame of the sample of the media presentation;

determining that the first video frame is blank;

determining that an audio amplitude of an audio frame of the sample of the media presentation that corresponds to the first video frame is below an audio power threshold; and

indicating a commercial transition between the first video frame and the second video frame in the sample of the media presentation based at least on the detecting the discontinuity in the timing information, the determining that the first video frame is blank, and the determining that the audio amplitude is below the audio power threshold.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the commercial transition is between a program and an advertisement.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the commercial transition is between a first advertisement and a second advertisement.

11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the discontinuity in the timing information is indicative of the commercial transition.

12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the media presentation is a television transmission feed.

13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the sample of the media presentation is obtained from a monitoring device associated with a media monitoring entity.

14. The method of claim 8 , further including labeling the commercial transition as a beginning of an advertisement.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a computing system, cause performance of operations including:

obtaining a sample of a media presentation;

accessing timing information associated with video compression encoding of video frames of the sample of the media presentation;

detecting a discontinuity in the timing information associated with video compression encoding between a first video frame of the sample of the media presentation and a second video frame adjacent to the first video frame of the sample of the media presentation;

determining that the first video frame is blank;

determining that an audio amplitude of an audio frame of the sample of the media presentation that corresponds to the first video frame is below a near-silent audio power threshold; and

indicating a commercial transition between the first video frame and the second video frame in the sample of the media presentation based at least on the detecting the discontinuity in the timing information, the determining that the first video frame is blank, and the determining that the audio amplitude is below the near-silent audio power threshold.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the commercial transition is between a program and an advertisement.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the commercial transition is between a first advertisement and a second advertisement.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the discontinuity in the timing information is indicative of the commercial transition.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the sample of the media presentation is obtained from a monitoring device associated with a media monitoring entity.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , wherein the operations further include labeling the commercial transition as a beginning of an advertisement.