Thermally stable macromolecular compound and petroleum composition including the same
In one embodiment, an alkylphenol copolymer is disclosed wherein the copolymer comprises at least one alkylphenol monomer and the alkylphenol copolymer exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement Θ of greater than 0 at a temperature of −5° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep and an oscillation displacement Θ in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement Θ in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of −5° C. In a further embodiment, a petroleum composition is disclosed wherein the composition comprises a petroleum source and a macromolecular compound wherein the macromolecular compound exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement Θ of greater than 0 at a temperature of −10° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep, and an oscillation displacement Θ in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement Θ in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of −10° C.
1. An alkylphenol copolymer having the following repeating units (A) and (B):
wherein,
x is an integer from 1 to 200;
y is an integer from 2 to 200;
R 1 is a branched C 8 -C 14 alkyl; and
R2 is a straight C22-C40 alkyl,
wherein the alkyl of R 2 contains 3 or more carbon atoms than the alkyl of R 1 , and
wherein the alkylphenol copolymer is a block copolymer.
2. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a C 12 alkyl.
3. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is a C 20 -C 34 alkyl.
4. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein x and y are independently from 5 to 25.
5. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the moles of repeating unit (A) to the moles of repeating unit (B) is from about 0.2 to about 3.
6. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the number average molecular weight of the alkylphenol copolymer is from about 4,000 to about 60,000 Daltons using gel permeation chromatography.
7. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the block copolymer is formed by a process that comprises:
reacting a phenol monomer used to form the repeating unit (A) with a formaldehyde source in a first reaction vessel to form a first oligomer;
reacting a phenol monomer used to form the repeating unit (B) with a formaldehyde source in a second reaction vessel to form a second oligomer; and
thereafter, reacting the first oligomer and the second oligomer with a formaldehyde source to form the block copolymer.
8. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 7 , wherein the ratio of the total number of moles of the formaldehyde source added to the first reaction vessel to the total number of moles of the phenol monomer used to form the repeating unit (A) is from about 0.5 to about 1 and/or the ratio of the total number of moles of the formaldehyde source added to the second reaction vessel to the total number of moles of the phenol monomer used to form the repeating unit (B) is from about 0.5 to about 1.
9. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 7 , wherein the phenol monomer used to form the repeating unit (A) includes dodecylphenol and/or the phenol monomer used to form the repeating unit (B) includes tetracosanylphenol, pentacosanylphenol, hexacosanylphenol, heptacosanylphenol, octacosanylphenol, or a combination thereof.
10. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the alkylphenol copolymer exhibits an asphaltene dispersancy parameter of about 500 or less as determined at a non-volatile residue percentage of 15%.
11. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the alkylphenol copolymer exhibits a percent asphaltene inhibition of about 80% or more as determined at a non-volatile residue percentage of 15%.
12. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the alkylphenol copolymer exhibits a Cold Finger paraffinic wax inhibition of about 50% or more.
13. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the alkylphenol copolymer exhibits a no-flow point of about −20° C. or less as determined at a non-volatile residue concentration of 15%.
14. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the alkylphenol copolymer exhibits a static time to gel of about 500 seconds or more as determined at a temperature of −15° C. and at a non-volatile residue concentration of 15%.
15. A method for modifying a petroleum source, the method comprising adding the alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 to the petroleum source.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the alkylphenol copolymer is present in a concentration of from about 1 to about 2,000 ppm.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein a copolymer composition is added to the petroleum source, wherein the copolymer composition comprises the alkylphenol copolymer and a petroleum-based solvent.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the copolymer composition further comprises a corrosion inhibitor, a surfactant, a neutralizer, a stabilizer, a plasticizer, a biocide, a preservative, or a combination thereof.
19. A petroleum composition comprising the alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 and a petroleum source.
20. The petroleum composition of claim 19 , wherein the alkylphenol copolymer is present in a concentration of from about 1 to about 1,000 ppm.
21. The alkylphenol copolymer of claim 1 , wherein R2 is a straight C24-C32 alkyl.