Lyophilized compositions comprising arsenic
Described herein are methods of treating malignancies such as tumors or cancers by orally administering lyophilized compositions comprising arsenic to a subject in need thereof. Malignancies include various hematological malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphomas, and solid tumors including glioblastoma multiforme and breast cancer. Also described herein are oral pharmaceutical formulations comprising lyophilized compositions comprising arsenic and methods for lyophilizing arsenic trioxide, preparing the oral formulation comprising lyophilized compositions comprising arsenic, and treating a subject with malignancies using the oral formulation.
1. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition, comprising:
(a) a bulking agent;
(b) a lubricant; and
(c) a lyophilized composition comprising arsenic (LCCA) made by a method comprising
combining arsenic trioxide powder, water, and an alkalizing agent to obtain a pH of at least about 12, followed by adding an acid to adjust the pH to about 7 to about 8, thereby generating a solution comprising arsenious acid;
adding the surfactant to the solution comprising arsenious acid; and
lyophilizing the solution comprising arsenious acid and the surfactant to obtain the LCCA.
2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the LCCA and the bulking agent constitute about 98% of the pharmaceutical composition (w/w) and the lubricant comprises about 2% of the pharmaceutical composition (w/w).
3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 , wherein the LCCA constitutes about 24 w/w to about 29% w/w of the pharmaceutical composition and the bulking agent constitutes about 69% w/w to about 74% w/w of the pharmaceutical composition.
4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the bulking agent comprises mannitol and the lubricant comprises talc magnesium stearate, or a combination thereof.
5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant comprises at least one of sodium lauryl sulfate; polysorbate 80; betacyclodextrin; poloxamer; and tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate.
6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 5 , wherein the surfactant comprises at least one of sodium lauryl sulfate and polysorbate 80.
7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the surfactant (by weight) does not exceed about 50% the amount of the arsenic trioxide (by weight).
8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the LCCA comprises particles having a D(90) size range from about 2 microns to about 10 microns.
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the LCCA comprises particles having a BET surface area of from about 0.5 m 2 /g to about 5 m 2 /g.
10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkalizing agent comprises sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, a mixture thereof.
11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkalizing agent comprises sodium hydroxide.
12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the alkalizing agent is about 10% to about 100% of the amount of the arsenic trioxide powder.
13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the acid comprises hydrochloric acid.
14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 13 , wherein the hydrochloric acid concentration is about 6M.
15. A capsule or tablet comprising the pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 .
16. A capsule comprising pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 .
17. The capsule of claim 16 , wherein the capsule comprises 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, 5 mg, 6 mg, 7 mg, 8 mg, 9 mg, 10 mg, 11 mg, 12 mg, 13 mg, 14 mg, 15 mg, 16 mg, 17 mg, 18 mg, 19 mg, 20 mg, 21 mg, 22 mg, 23 mg, 24 mg, 25 mg, 26 mg, 27 mg, 28 mg, 29 mg, 30 mg, 31 mg, 32 mg, 33 mg, 34 mg, 35 mg, 36 mg, 37 mg, 38 mg, 39 mg, 40 mg, 41 mg, 42 mg, 43 mg, 44 mg, 45 mg, 46 mg, 47 mg, 48 mg, 49 mg, or 50 mg of the LCCA.
18. A kit comprising the pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , and instructions for use.