High viscosity latexes
Methods for forming latexes are provided. In an embodiment, such a method comprises adding a monomer emulsion comprising water, a monomer, an acidic monomer, a hydrophilic monomer, a difunctional monomer, a first reactive surfactant, and a chain transfer agent, to a reactive surfactant solution comprising water, a second reactive surfactant, and an initiator, at a feed rate over a period of time so that monomers of the monomer emulsion undergo polymerization reactions to form resin particles in a latex. The reactive surfactant solution does not comprise monomers other than the second reactive surfactant, the reactive surfactant solution does not comprise a resin seed, and the monomer emulsion does not comprise the resin seed. The latex is characterized by a viscosity in a range of from about 10 cP to about 100 cP as measured at a solid content of about 30% and at room temperature. The latexes are also provided.
1. A latex comprising water and resin particles comprising a polymerization product of reactants comprising a monomer, an acidic monomer, a monofunctional hydrophilic monomer, a difunctional monomer, and a reactive surfactant, wherein the latex is characterized by a viscosity in a range of from about 10 cP to about 100 cP as measured at a solid content of about 30% and at room temperature.
2. The latex of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity is in the range of from about 15 cP to about 40 cP.
3. The latex of claim 1 , wherein the monofunctional hydrophilic monomer is selected from hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, n-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylamide, hydroxypropyl (metha)crylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylamide, ethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, propylene glycol (meth)acrylate, a poly(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylate, a poly(propylene glycol) (meth)acrylate, and combinations thereof.
4. The latex of claim 1 , wherein the monofunctional hydrophilic monomer is a poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate having a molecular weight in a range of from about 185 g/mol to about 1500 g/mol.
5. The latex of claim 4 , wherein the molecular weight is in the range of from about 360 g/mol to about 1500 g/mol.
6. The latex of claim 1 , wherein the reactants comprise styrene, an alkyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, a poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, a polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and an anionic ether sulfate reactive surfactant.
7. The latex of claim 1 , wherein the acidic monomer, the monofunctional hydrophilic monomer, and the difunctional monomer are present at an amount in a range of from about 10 weight % to about 30 weight %.
8. The latex of claim 7 , wherein the acidic monomer, the monofunctional hydrophilic monomer, and the difunctional monomer are present at the amount in the range of from about 15 weight % to about 30 weight %.
9. The latex of claim 7 , wherein the difunctional monomer is present at an amount in a range of from about 0.01 weight % to about 0.8 weight %.
10. The latex of claim 1 , wherein the resin particles of the latex are further characterized by a glass transition temperature T g in a range of from about 35° C. to about 100° C.
11. The latex of claim 10 , wherein the glass transition temperature T g is in the range of from about 50° C. to about 80° C.
12. The latex of claim 1 , wherein the reactants consist of one or more types of the monomer, one or more types of the acidic monomer, one or more types of the monofunctional hydrophilic monomer, one or more types of the difunctional monomer, one or more types of the reactive surfactant, and one or more types of an initiator.
13. The latex of claim 1 , wherein the reactants consist of styrene, an alkyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, a poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, a polyethylene glycol diacrylate, an anionic ether sulfate reactive surfactant, and one or more types of an initiator.
14. The latex of claim 1 , the latex further comprising silica nanoparticles.
15. A latex comprising water and resin particles comprising a polymerization product of reactants comprising a monomer, an acidic monomer, a monofunctional hydrophilic monomer, a difunctional monomer, and a reactive surfactant, wherein the acidic monomer, the monofunctional hydrophilic monomer, and the difunctional monomer are present at an amount in a range of from about 15 weight % to about 30 weight % and wherein the latex is characterized by a viscosity in a range of from about 15 cP to about 40 cP as measured at a solid content of about 30% and at room temperature.
16. The latex of claim 15 , wherein the reactants comprise styrene, an alkyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, a poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, a polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and an anionic ether sulfate reactive surfactant.
17. The latex of claim 16 , wherein the poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate has a molecular weight in a range of from about 360 g/mol to about 1500 g/mol.
18. The latex of claim 17 , the latex further comprising silica nanoparticles.
19. A latex comprising water, silica nanoparticles, and resin particles comprising a polymerization product of reactants consisting of one or more types of a monomer, one or more types of an acidic monomer, one or more types of a monofunctional hydrophilic monomer, one or more types of a difunctional monomer, one or more types of a reactive surfactant, and one or more types of an initiator, wherein the latex is characterized by a viscosity in a range of from about 15 cP to about 40 cP as measured at a solid content of about 30% and at room temperature.
20. The latex of claim 19 , wherein the reactants consist of styrene, an alkyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, a poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate having a molecular weight in a range of from about 360 g/mol to about 1500 g/mol, a polyethylene glycol diacrylate, an anionic ether sulfate reactive surfactant, and one or more types of an initiator.