Systems and methods for encoding alternative streams of video for use in adaptive bitrate streaming
Systems and methods for encoding alternative streams for use in adaptive bitrate streaming based upon the delay of each stream in accordance with embodiments of the invention are described. One embodiment of the invention includes memory, and a processor configured by a source encoding application to: receive multimedia content, where the multimedia content includes source video data having a primary resolution and a primary sample aspect ratio; and encode the source video data as a set of alternative video streams, where: the alternative video streams have different maximum bitrates; and the alternative video streams are encoded to have an upper bound seek delay that is equal to or less than the upper bound seek delay of streams in the set of alternative video streams that are encoded at a higher maximum bitrate.
1 . A method of performing adaptive bitrate streaming of media including a set of alternative video streams, comprising:
requesting, by a playback device, portions of alternative streams of encoded video via a network based upon a plurality of sets of stream switching conditions, where each of the alternative streams of encoded video is encoded using variable bitrate encoding and having a different maximum bitrate;
buffering the requested portions of the alternative streams of encoded video in a buffer on the playback device;
measuring network data rate using the playback device;
playing back encoded video from the portions of the alternative streams of encoded video stored in the buffer on the playback device;
utilizing, by the playback device, a plurality of sets of stream switching rules in a manner dependent upon a playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer on the playback device;
utilizing, by the playback device, a first of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules when the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is greater than or equal to a first threshold;
utilizing, by the playback device, a second of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules when the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is less than the first threshold;
wherein the first of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules comprises selecting a stream from the alternative streams of encoded video based upon specified maximum bitrates for the alternative streams of encoded video and a network data rate measurement, wherein the selected stream has a highest maximum bitrate that is less than the network data rate.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising commencing playback when the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is greater than a minimum buffering delay.
3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising utilizing, by the playback device, a third of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules when the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is less than a second threshold, where the second threshold has a smaller amount of buffered video than the first threshold.
4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising utilizing the plurality of sets of stream switching rules in a manner that incorporates hysteresis in the plurality of sets of stream switching rules.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a stream switching rule in the second of the plurality of stream switching rules is based upon multiple measurements of network data rate measured by the playback device over a period of time.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one set of stream switching rules in the plurality of sets of stream switching rules is a single stream switching rule.
7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing adaptive bitrate streaming using an index file.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining:
the second threshold based upon a lower bound seek delay of one of the alternative streams of video and a margin; and
the first threshold based upon an upper bound seek delay of one of the alternative streams of video and a margin.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the second threshold and the first threshold are fixed.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the stream selected from the alternative streams of encoded video in accordance with the first of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules has a lower maximum bitrate than another stream from the alternative streams of encoded video that has an average bitrate that is less than the network data rate measurement.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the stream from the alternative streams of encoded video has an average bitrate that is lower than the network data rate measurement.
12 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring network data rate using at least one selected from the group consisting of:
requesting data and measuring a time taken to receive the requested data; and
determining a sum of data downloaded during a predetermined time interval divided by an effective interval, where the effective interval is determined by subtracting a duration of one or more gaps from the predetermined time interval.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first threshold is based upon a time required to download a portion of video from one of the alternative streams of encoded video.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules comprises selecting a stream from the set of alternative streams of encoded video wherein a time required to download a portion video from the stream is less than the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer.
15 . A method of performing adaptive bitrate streaming of media including a set of alternative video streams, comprising:
requesting, by a playback device, portions of alternative streams of encoded video via a network based upon a plurality of sets of stream switching conditions, where each of the alternative streams of encoded video is encoded using variable bitrate encoding and having a different maximum bitrate;
buffering the requested portions of the alternative streams of encoded video in a buffer on the playback device;
measuring network data rate using the playback device;
playing back encoded video from the portions of the alternative streams of encoded video stored in the buffer on the playback device, wherein the playback commences when a playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is greater than a minimum buffering delay;
utilizing, by the playback device, a plurality of sets of stream switching rules in a manner dependent upon a playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer on the playback device;
utilizing, by the playback device, a first of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules when the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is greater than or equal to an upper threshold;
utilizing, by the playback device, a second of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules and when the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is lower than the upper threshold and greater than or equal to a lower threshold;
utilizing, by the playback device, a third of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules when the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is less than a lower threshold,
wherein the lower threshold and the upper threshold are fixed;
wherein the first of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules comprises selecting a stream from the alternative streams of encoded video based upon specified maximum bitrates for the alternative streams of encoded video and a network data rate measurement, wherein the selected stream has a highest maximum bitrate that is less than the network data rate; and
wherein a stream switching rule in the second of the plurality of stream switching rules is based upon multiple measurements of network data rate over a period of time.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the first of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules comprises selecting a stream from the alternative streams of encoded video based upon specified maximum bitrates for the alternative streams of encoded video and a network data rate measurement.
17 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising utilizing the plurality of sets of stream switching rules in a manner that incorporates hysteresis in the plurality of sets of stream switching rules.
18 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising performing adaptive bitrate streaming using an index file.
19 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising determining:
the lower threshold based upon a lower bound seek delay of one of the alternative streams of video and a margin; and
the upper threshold based upon an upper bound seek delay of one of the alternative streams of video and a margin.
20 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the stream selected from the alternative streams of encoded video in accordance with the first of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules has a lower maximum bitrate than another stream from the alternative streams of encoded video that has an average bitrate that is less than the network data rate measurement.
21 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the stream from the alternative streams of encoded video has an average bitrate that is lower than the network data rate measurement.
22 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising measuring network data rate using at least one selected from the group consisting of:
requesting data and measuring a time taken to receive the requested data; and
determining a sum of data downloaded during a predetermined time interval divided by an effective interval, where the effective interval is determined by subtracting a duration of one or more gaps from the predetermined time interval.
23 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the first threshold is based upon a time required to download a portion of video from one of the alternative streams of encoded video.
24 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the second of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules comprises selecting a stream from the set of alternative streams of encoded video wherein a time required to download a portion video from the stream is less than the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer.
25 . A method of performing adaptive bitrate streaming of media including a set of alternative video streams, comprising:
requesting, by a playback device, portions of alternative streams of encoded video via a network based upon a plurality of sets of stream switching conditions, where each of the alternative streams of encoded video is encoded using variable bitrate encoding and having a different maximum bitrate;
buffering the requested portions of the alternative streams of encoded video in a buffer on the playback device;
measuring network data rate using the playback device;
playing back encoded video from the portions of the alternative streams of encoded video stored in the buffer on the playback device, wherein the playback commences when a playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is greater than a minimum buffering delay;
utilizing, by the playback device, a plurality of sets of stream switching rules in a manner dependent upon a playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer on the playback device;
utilizing, by the playback device, a first of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules when the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is greater than or equal to an upper threshold;
utilizing, by the playback device, a second of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules and when the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is lower than the upper threshold and greater than or equal to a lower threshold;
wherein the first of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules comprises selecting a stream from the alternative streams of encoded video based upon specified maximum bitrates for the alternative streams of encoded video and a network data rate measurement, wherein the selected stream has a highest maximum bitrate that is less than the network data rate,
wherein the lower threshold and the upper threshold are fixed, and
wherein a stream switching rule in the second of the plurality of stream switching rules is based upon multiple measurements of network data rate over a period of time.
26 . The method of claim 25 , further comprising utilizing, by the playback device, a third of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules when the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer is less than a lower threshold.
27 . The method of claim 25 , further comprising utilizing the plurality of sets of stream switching rules in a manner that incorporates hysteresis in the plurality of sets of stream switching rules.
28 . The method of claim 25 , further comprising performing adaptive bitrate streaming using an index file.
29 . The method of claim 25 , further comprising determining:
the lower threshold based upon a lower bound seek delay of one of the alternative streams of video and a margin; and
the upper threshold based upon an upper bound seek delay of one of the alternative streams of video and a margin.
30 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the stream selected from the alternative streams of encoded video in accordance with the first of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules has a lower maximum bitrate than another stream from the alternative streams of encoded video that has an average bitrate that is less than the network data rate measurement.
31 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the stream from the alternative streams of encoded video has an average bitrate that is lower than the network data rate measurement.
32 . The method of claim 25 , further comprising measuring network data rate using at least one selected from the group consisting of:
requesting data and measuring a time taken to receive the requested data; and
determining a sum of data downloaded during a predetermined time interval divided by an effective interval, where the effective interval is determined by subtracting a duration of one or more gaps from the predetermined time interval.
33 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the first threshold is based upon a time required to download a portion of video from one of the alternative streams of encoded video.
34 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the second of the plurality of sets of stream switching rules comprises selecting a stream from the set of alternative streams of encoded video wherein a time required to download a portion video from the stream is less than the playback duration of encoded video stored in the buffer.