Startup circuit for a flyback converter
A converter includes a power stage to provide a current through a primary winding of a transformer in response to a PWM signal and to induce a current in a secondary winding of the transformer to generate an output voltage. The power stage has a switching terminal. The converter also includes a controller, a clamp circuit, and an impedance device. The controller includes a first transistor coupled with a second transistor to initiate an operational voltage during a startup mode and to provide a control voltage based on an amplitude of a switching voltage at the switching terminal during a switching mode. The clamp circuit couples between the control input of the first transistor and a reference terminal and clamps a voltage at the first control input responsive to the switching voltage exceeding a clamp voltage. The impedance device couples between the switching terminal and the clamp circuit.
1. A power converter, comprising:
a power stage having an output configured to provide a primary current through a primary winding of a transformer in response to a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal and to induce a secondary current in a secondary winding of the transformer to generate an output voltage, the power stage having a switching terminal between a power switch and the primary winding; and
a switching controller including:
a first control transistor coupled in series with a second control transistor to initiate an operational voltage during a startup mode of the power converter and to provide a control voltage based on an amplitude of a switching voltage at the switching terminal during a switching mode, the first control transistor having a first control input;
a clamp circuit coupled between the first control input and a reference terminal, the clamp circuit configured to clamp a voltage at the first control input responsive to the switching voltage exceeding a clamp voltage of the clamp circuit;
a comparator having a first input coupled to the second control transistor, a second input coupled a voltage source circuit, and an output;
a timing generator having an input and an output, wherein the input of the timing generator is coupled to the output of the comparator, and the output of the timing generator is an output of the switching controller; and
an impedance device coupled between the switching terminal and the clamp circuit.
2. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the clamp circuit includes multiple Zener diodes coupled in series between the first control input and the reference terminal.
3. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the impedance device includes a capacitor.
4. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the first control transistor is coupled to the second control transistor at a transistor terminal, and the power converter further includes a resistor coupled between the transistor terminal and the clamp circuit.
5. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the first control transistor and the second control transistor are depletion-mode transistors.
6. The power converter of claim 1 , further comprising a third control transistor coupled between the first and second control transistors, the third control transistor having a second control input, and the clamp circuit is coupled to the second control input, the clamp circuit configured to clamp a voltage at the second control input responsive to the switching voltage exceeding a clamp voltage of the clamp circuit.
7. The power converter of claim 6 , wherein the first, second, and third control transistors are depletion-mode transistors.
8. A power converter, comprising:
a power stage having a switching terminal; and
a switching controller coupled to the switching terminal, the switching controller including:
a comparator having a first input and a second input;
a first depletion-mode transistor having a first current terminal and a second current terminal, the second current terminal coupled to the first input;
a second depletion-mode transistor coupled between the switching terminal and the first current terminal, the second depletion-mode transistor having a control input;
a clamp circuit having a clamp terminal coupled to the control input; and
an impedance device coupled between the switching terminal and the clamp terminal.
9. The power converter of claim 8 , wherein the clamp circuit includes multiple Zener diodes coupled in series between the first current terminal and a reference terminal.
10. The power converter of claim 8 , wherein the impedance device includes a capacitor.
11. The power converter of claim 8 , wherein the first depletion-mode transistor is coupled to the second depletion-mode transistor at a transistor terminal, and the power converter further includes a resistor coupled between the first current terminal and the clamp terminal.
12. The power converter of claim 8 , further comprising a reference voltage circuit coupled to the second input.
13. A circuit, comprising:
a first depletion-mode transistor having a first control terminal and first and second current terminals;
a second depletion-mode transistor having a second control terminal and third and fourth current terminals, the fourth current terminal coupled to the first current terminal;
a clamp circuit having a clamp terminal coupled to the second control terminal;
a comparator having a first input coupled to the second depletion-mode transistor, a second input coupled a voltage source circuit, and an output;
a timing generator having an input coupled to the output of the comparator; and
an impedance device coupled between the third current terminal and the clamp terminal.
14. The circuit of claim 13 , further comprising a third depletion-mode transistor having a third control terminal, the third depletion-mode transistor coupled between the first and second depletion-mode transistors.
15. The circuit of claim 14 , wherein the clamp terminal is a first clamp terminal, and the clamp circuit has a second clamp terminal coupled to the third control terminal.
16. The circuit of claim 15 , wherein the clamp circuit comprises multiple Zener diodes coupled in series between the second control terminal and a reference terminal, and the first clamp terminal is coupled to a cathode of one of the multiple Zener diodes, and the second clamp terminal is coupled to a cathode of another one of the multiple Zener diodes.
17. The circuit of claim 13 , wherein the clamp circuit comprises multiple Zener diodes coupled in series between the second control terminal and a reference terminal.
18. The circuit of claim 13 , wherein the impedance device includes a capacitor.
19. The circuit of claim 13 , further comprising a resistor coupled between the fourth current terminal and the clamp terminal.
20. The circuit of claim 13 , further comprising:
a first resistor coupled to the first control terminal;
a third transistor having a third control terminal, the third transistor coupled between the first resistor and a reference terminal;
a Zener diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the first control terminal; and
a second resistor coupled between the second current terminal and the cathode.