Electric vehicle supply equipment unit configured in an EV charging system
An electric vehicle (EV) charging system includes a plurality of electrical vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) units, a plurality of associated EV charging stations, phase conductors coupled between the charging stations and corresponding bi-directional solid-state switches and a neutral conductor configured to complete charging circuits with associated ones of the phase conductors, and an EVSE communications bus. Each EVSE unit includes a microcontroller unit (MCU) and driver that control current flow through the bi-directional solid-state switches providing charging current to respective EV charging stations and connected plug-in EVs (PEVs). The MCUs communicate over the EVSE communications bus and, as PEVs plug into, charge, and unplug from the plurality of EV charging stations, reallocate or reapportion an available supply current among the plurality of EVSE units while also dynamically adjusting one or more circuit protection attributes provided by the EVSE units.
1. An electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) unit configured in an EV charging system, the EVSE unit, comprising:
an N number of line-side terminals, wherein N is a counting number greater than zero;
an N number of load-side terminals;
an N number of bi-directional solid-state switches, one each of the bi-directional solid-state switches being coupled between corresponding ones of the line-side terminals and the load-side terminals;
a disconnect unit coupled in series with corresponding ones of the N number of bi-directional solid-state switches that are coupled between corresponding ones of the line-side terminals and the load-side terminals;
an N number of EV charging stations, one each coupled to corresponding ones of the N number of load-side terminals by an N number of phase conductors, wherein each of the N number of charging stations is configurable in three possible states for each of the N number of charging stations and at any given time is configured in one of the three possible states comprising:
an ON state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is closed and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual active ones of the N number of charging stations is ON;
a STANDBY state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is closed and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual active ones of the N number of charging stations is OFF; and
an OFF state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is open and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual ones of the N number of charging stations is OFF;
a neutral conductor coupled to a neutral terminal of the N number of EV charging stations, wherein the neutral conductor is configured to complete a charging circuit with an associated one of the N number of phase conductors supplying a charging current to a plug-in vehicle (PEV); and
a controller configured to provide individual and independent control of the N number of EV charging stations,
wherein the controller and the N number of bidirectional solid-state switches are configured to both control a maximum allowable charging current available to the N number of EV charging stations when one or more PEVs are plugged into associated ones of the N number of EV charging stations and provide circuit protection to the associated ones of the EV charging stations and the one or more PEVs, and to generate the ON state for associated ones of the N number of charging stations when supplying charging current to the associated ones of the N number of charging stations but transitioning temporarily from the ON state to the STANDBY state when dynamically adjusting the maximum allowable charging current available to associated PEVs from the associated N number of charging stations.
2. The EVSE unit of claim 1 wherein N equals one or two.
3. The EVSE unit of claim 1 wherein N equals three.
4. The EVSE unit of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to adjust one or more circuit protection attributes of the bi-directional solid-state switches as the maximum allowable charging current is controlled and varied.
5. The EVSE unit of claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to adjust one or more circuit protection attributes of the bi-directional solid-state switches as PEVs plug into and unplug from the N number of charging stations.
6. The EVSE unit of claim 1 wherein:
the EVSE unit is configured in an electrical distribution panel, among other EVSE units,
the EVSE unit is communicatively coupled to the other EVSE units via an EVSE communications bus, and the controller of the EVSE unit is configured to communicate and coordinate with controllers in the other EVSE units and allocate or apportion supply current among the EVSE unit and other EVSE units.
7. The EVSE unit of claim 1 further comprising a ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) or ground fault circuit transformer (GFCT) coupled in series with the bidirectional solid-state switches, wherein the GFCI or GFCT is configured to detect ground faults both when associated PEVs are plugged into the associated EV charging stations and when no PEV is plugged into the associated EV charging stations.
8. The EVSE unit of claim 7 wherein the GFCI or the GFCT is configured to detect and generate a ground fault sense signal for the controller in response to ground faults associated with the N number of phase conductors and the neutral conductor.
9. The EVSE unit of claim 1 further configured to communicate with external GFCIs or GFCTs configured to detect and generate ground fault sense signals for the controller in response to ground faults associated with the N number of phase conductors and the neutral conductor.
10. The EVSE unit of claim 9 wherein the EVSE unit is configure to share the external GFCI or GFCT with another EVSE unit.
11. The EVSE unit of claim 1 wherein:
the EVSE unit is configured in an electrical distribution panel, among other EVSE units,
the electrical distribution panel being configured to distribute a supply current to the EVSE unit and the other EVSE units,
the EVSE unit being communicatively coupled to the other EVSE units by way of a communication bus, and the controller being configured to communicate and coordinate with controller of other EVSE units and allocate or apportion the supply current among the EVSE units.
12. An electric vehicle (EV) charging system comprising:
an N number of EV charging stations, wherein N is a counting number greater than zero;
a plurality of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) units, each of which comprises a microcontroller unit (MCU) configured to provide individual and independent control of the of the N number of EV charging stations by controlling an N number of bi-directional solid-state switches and a driver configured to switch the N number of bi-directional solid-state switches to control a maximum allowable charging current available to an N number of a plurality of EV charging stations when one or more plug-in vehicle (PEVs) are plugged into associated ones of the N number of EV charging stations and provide circuit protection to the associated ones of the EV charging stations and the one or more PEVs;
an N number of phase conductors coupled between load-side terminals of the charging stations and corresponding ones of the N number of bi-directional solid-state switches;
an N number of disconnect units, one each of the N number of disconnect units being coupled in series with corresponding ones of the N number of bi-directional solid-state switches that are coupled between corresponding ones of line-side terminals and the load-side terminals;
wherein each of the plurality of EVSE units is configurable in three possible states for each of the N number of charging stations and at any given time is configured in one of the three possible states comprising:
an ON state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is closed and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual active ones of the N number of charging stations is ON;
a STANDBY state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is closed and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual active ones of the N number of charging stations is OFF; and
an OFF state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is open and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual ones of the N number of charging stations is OFF;
each of the plurality of the EVSE units generates the ON state for associated ones of the N number of charging stations when supplying charging current to the associated ones of the N number of charging stations but transitions temporarily from the ON state to the STANDBY state when dynamically adjusting the maximum allowable charging current available to associated PEVs from the associated N number of charging stations; and
a neutral conductor coupled to a neutral terminal of the N number of EV charging stations, wherein the neutral conductor is configured to complete charging circuits with associated ones of the N number of phase conductors supplying charging current to the one or more PEVs.
13. The EV charging system of claim 12 wherein N equals one or two.
14. The EV charging system of claim 12 wherein N equals three.
15. The EV charging system of claim 13 further comprising a panel into which the plurality of EVSE units is integrated with a gateway and substantially low-voltage DC power and data module that is communicatively coupled with the MCUs by way of a communications bus.
16. The EV charging system of claim 15 wherein the N number of charging stations are arranged in pedestals that each comprise a smart pilot module that is communicatively coupled to the gateway and substantially low-voltage DC power and data module.
17. The EV charging system of claim 16 wherein the pedestals further comprise ground fault current transformers that are configured to detect ground faults associated with the N number of phase conductors and the neutral conductor and transmits the signal back to the EVSE to open the circuit.
18. An electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) unit configured in an EV charging system, the EVSE unit, comprising:
an N number of line-side terminals, wherein N is a counting number greater than zero;
an N number of load-side terminals;
a disconnect unit coupled between corresponding ones of the line-side terminals and the load-side terminals;
an N number of EV charging stations, one each coupled to corresponding ones of the N number of load-side terminals by an N number of phase conductors, wherein each of the N number of charging stations is configurable in three possible states for each of the N number of charging stations and at any given time is configured in one of the three possible states comprising:
an ON state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is closed and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual active ones of the N number of charging stations is ON;
a STANDBY state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is closed and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual active ones of the N number of charging stations is OFF; and
an OFF state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is open and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual ones of the N number of charging stations is OFF;
a neutral conductor coupled to a neutral terminal of the N number of EV charging stations, wherein the neutral conductor is configured to complete a charging circuit with an associated one of the N number of phase conductors supplying a charging current to a plug-in vehicle (PEV); and
a controller configured to provide individual and independent control of the N number of EV charging stations, wherein the controller and an electromechanical switch are configured both to control a maximum allowable charging current available to the N number of EV charging stations when one or more PEVs are plugged into associated ones of the N number of EV charging stations and to provide circuit protection to the associated ones of the EV charging stations and the one or more PEVs, and to generate the ON state for associated ones of the N number of charging stations when supplying charging current to the associated ones of the N number of charging stations but transitioning temporarily from the ON state to the STANDBY state when dynamically adjusting the maximum allowable charging current available to associated PEVs from the associated N number of charging stations.
19. The EVSE unit of claim 18 wherein the disconnect unit is an electromechanical switch of the relay type.
20. The EVSE unit of claim 18 wherein the disconnect unit is an electromechanical switch of the contactor type.
21. An electric vehicle (EV) charging system comprising:
an N number of EV charging stations, wherein N is a counting number greater than zero;
an N number of disconnect units, one each of the N number of disconnect units being coupled in series with corresponding ones of the N number of bi-directional solid-state switches that are coupled between corresponding ones of line-side terminals and the load-side terminals;
wherein each of the plurality of EVSE units is configurable in three possible states for each of the N number of charging stations and at any given time is configured in one of the three possible states comprising:
an ON state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is closed and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual active ones of the N number of charging stations is ON;
a STANDBY state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is closed and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual active ones of the N number of charging stations is OFF; and
an OFF state during which the disconnect unit of associated ones of the N number of charging stations is open and the bidirectional solid-state switch of the individual ones of the N number of charging stations is OFF;
each of the plurality of the EVSE units generates the ON state for associated ones of the N number of charging stations when supplying charging current to the associated ones of the N number of charging stations but transitions temporarily from the ON state to the STANDBY state when dynamically adjusting the maximum allowable charging current available to associated PEVs from the associated N number of charging stations;
a plurality of EVSE units, each of which comprises a microcontroller unit (MCU) wherein the MCU is configured to provide individual and independent control of the N number of EV charging stations by way of a disconnect unit configured to control a maximum allowable charging current available to an N number of a plurality of EV charging stations when one or more plug-in vehicle (PEVs) are plugged into associated ones of the N number of EV charging stations and provide circuit protection to the associated ones of the EV charging stations and the one or more PEVs;
an N number of phase conductors coupled between load-side terminals of the charging stations and corresponding ones of an N number of bi-directional solid-state switches; and
a neutral conductor coupled to a neutral terminal of the N number of EV charging stations, wherein the neutral conductor is configured to complete charging circuits with associated ones of the N number of phase conductors supplying charging current to the one or more PEVs.