Process for the hydroformylation of olefins using a cobalt precatalyst and a diphosphine ligand

1. A process comprising the process steps of:

a) adding an olefin;

b) adding a cobalt precatalyst;

c) adding a ligand (L) having the structure (I):

where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected from:

—H, —(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl or —(C 6 -C 20 )-aryl;

wherein the ligand is added in a molar ratio to cobalt of L/Co=<0.95/1;

d) supplying of syngas;

e) heating the reaction mixture from a) to d), to convert the olefin into an aldehyde.

2. The process according to claim 1 ,

where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are selected from: —(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl or —(C 6 -C 20 )-aryl.

3. The process according to claim 1 ,

where R 1 and R 2 are -Ph.

4. The process according to claim 1 ,

where R 1 and R 3 are -Ph.

5. The process according to claim 1 ,

where the ligand has the structure (1):

6. The process according to claim 1 ,

wherein the ligand is added in a molar ratio to cobalt of L/Co=<0.90/1.

7. The process according to claim 1 ,

wherein the ligand is added in a molar ratio to cobalt of L/Co=<0.80/1.

8. The process according to claim 1 ,

wherein the Co precatalyst is initially charged in the form of a solution.

9. The process according to claim 8 ,

wherein the olefin is added to the initially charged Co precatalyst solution.

10. The process according to claim 1 ,

wherein the syngas is supplied in process step d) at a pressure within a range from 1 to 8 MPa (10 to 80 bar).

11. The process according to claim 1 ,

wherein the heating of the reaction mixture in process step e) is to a temperature within a range from 80° C. to 180° C.

12. The process according to claim 1 ,

wherein the cobalt precatalyst is [Co(acac)(C 4 H 8 O 2 ) 4 ] + [BF 4 ] − (V1).

13. The process according to claim 1 ,

wherein the olefin is selected from:

ethene, propene, 1-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, mixture of cis- and trans-2-butene, raffinate 1, raffinate 2, isobutene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, 1-methylcyclohexene, tetramethylethene, 1-octene, 2-octenes, cyclooctene, di-n-butene, diisobutene, undecenes, dodecenes, triisobutene or tri-n-butene.