Heat dissipation for LIDAR sensors
A light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device includes a substrate layer, a cladding layer, a waveguide, and an ohmic element. The cladding layer is disposed with the substrate layer. The waveguide runs through the cladding layer. The ohmic element runs through the cladding layer. The ohmic element is arranged to impart heat to the waveguide when an electrical current is driven through the ohmic element.
1. A light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device comprising:
a substrate layer;
a cladding layer disposed on the substrate layer;
a waveguide configured for propagating light, wherein at least a portion of the waveguide runs through the cladding layer; and
an ohmic element, wherein at least a portion of the ohmic element runs through the cladding layer, wherein the waveguide is disposed within the cladding layer between the ohmic element and the substrate layer, and wherein the ohmic element is arranged to impart heat to the waveguide in response to an electrical current that is provided to the ohmic element;
wherein a frequency of the light propagating through the waveguide is modulated by the electrical current provided to the ohmic element.
2. The LIDAR device of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is selectively heated and cooled based on an amount of the heat imparted to the waveguide from the ohmic element.
3. The LIDAR device of claim 1 , wherein an infrared transmit beam is configured to propagate through the waveguide and into an external environment of the LIDAR device.
4. The LIDAR device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a heat module coupled to the ohmic element, wherein the heat module is configured to drive the electrical current that is provided to the ohmic element.
5. The LIDAR device of claim 4 , wherein the heat module is coupled to a first portion of the ohmic element and a second portion of the ohmic element that is opposite the first portion of the ohmic element.
6. The LIDAR device of claim 4 , wherein the heat module comprises one or more transistors.
7. The LIDAR device of claim 1 , wherein the light propagating through the waveguide is infrared light.
8. The LIDAR device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate layer includes an opening that is disposed relative to the waveguide to assist in controlling a temperature of the waveguide.
9. The LIDAR device of claim 8 , further comprising a filler material disposed in the opening, wherein a thermal conductivity of the filler material is selected to adjust a heat dissipation rate of the waveguide.
10. The LIDAR device of claim 9 , wherein the opening is at least partially filled with a filler material having a thermal conductivity that is between 0.025 W/mK and 500 W/mK.
11. The LIDAR device of claim 9 , wherein the opening is at least partially filled with a filler material having a thermal conductivity that is between 0.1 W/mK and 20 W/mK.
12. The LIDAR device of claim 8 , wherein the waveguide is disposed between the ohmic element and the opening, and wherein a portion of the cladding layer is disposed between the waveguide and the ohmic element.
13. An autonomous vehicle control system for an autonomous vehicle, the autonomous vehicle control system comprising:
a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device including:
a substrate layer;
a cladding layer disposed on the substrate layer,
a waveguide configured for propagating an infrared transmit beam into an external environment of the autonomous vehicle, wherein at least a portion of the waveguide runs through the cladding layer; and
an ohmic element, wherein at least a portion of the ohmic element runs through the cladding layer, wherein the waveguide is disposed within the cladding layer between the ohmic element and the substrate layer, and wherein the ohmic element is arranged to impart heat to the waveguide in response to an electrical current that is provided to the ohmic element;
wherein a frequency of the infrared transmit beam propagating through the waveguide is modulated by the electrical current provided to the ohmic element; and
one or more processors configured to control the autonomous vehicle in response to an infrared returning beam that is a reflection of the infrared transmit beam.
14. The autonomous vehicle control system of claim 13 , wherein the LIDAR device comprises a heat module coupled to a first portion of the ohmic element and a second portion of the ohmic element that is opposite the first portion of the ohmic element, wherein the heat module is configured to drive the electrical current that is provided to the ohmic element.
15. The autonomous vehicle control system of claim 14 , wherein the heat module comprises one or more transistors.
16. The autonomous vehicle control system of claim 13 , wherein the substrate layer includes an opening that is disposed relative to the waveguide to assist in controlling a temperature of the waveguide.
17. The autonomous vehicle control system of claim 16 , further comprising a filler material disposed in the opening, wherein a thermal conductivity of the filler material is selected to adjust a heat dissipation rate of the waveguide.
18. An autonomous vehicle comprising:
a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor including:
a substrate layer;
a cladding layer disposed on the substrate layer, a waveguide configured for propagating an infrared transmit beam into an external environment of the autonomous vehicle, wherein at least a portion of the waveguide runs through the cladding layer; and
an ohmic element, wherein at least a portion of the ohmic element runs through the cladding layer, wherein the waveguide is disposed within the cladding layer between the ohmic element and the substrate layer and wherein the ohmic element is arranged to impart heat to the waveguide in response to an electrical current that is provided to the ohmic element; and
wherein a frequency of the infrared transmit beam propagating through the waveguide is modulated by the electrical current provided to the ohmic element; and
a control system configured to control the autonomous vehicle in response to an infrared returning beam that is a reflection of the infrared transmit beam.
19. The autonomous vehicle of claim 18 , wherein the LIDAR sensor comprises a heat module coupled to a first portion of the ohmic element and a second portion of the ohmic element that is opposite the first portion of the ohmic element, wherein the heat module is configured to drive the electrical current that is provided to the ohmic element.
20. The autonomous vehicle of claim 18 , wherein:
the substrate layer includes an opening that is disposed relative to the waveguide to assist in controlling a temperature of the waveguide; and
the LIDAR sensor comprises a filler material disposed in the opening, wherein a thermal conductivity of the filler material is selected to adjust a heat dissipation rate of the waveguide.