Compositions and methods for monitoring gas adsorption
The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene (THPE), an amino polymer, and a substrate that includes a metal oxide, where the substrate has a pore volume, and the THPE and the amino polymer are positioned within the pore volume.
1. A composition comprising:
tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene (THPE);
an amino polymer comprising poly(ethylenimine) (PEI); and
a substrate comprising a metal oxide, wherein:
the substrate comprises a pore volume, and
the THPE and the amino polymer are positioned within the pore volume.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amino polymer has a glass-transition temperature (T g ) between −65° C. and +100° C.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amino polymer has a melting temperature (T m ) between −20° C. and +100° C.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amino polymer has a molecular weight greater than or equal to 600 g/mol.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the PEI is branched.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the PEI has a molecular weight between 600 g/mol and 1,000 g/mol.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the THPE within the pore volume is at a concentration between greater than 0 wt. % and 10 wt. %, relative to the total weight of the amino polymer and the THPE.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amino polymer and the THPE are present at a combined concentration between greater than 0 wt. % and less than 60 wt. %, relative to the total weight of the composition.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the pore volume is between greater than 0 cm 3 /g and less than or equal to 10 cm 3 /g.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the pore volume is characterized by a plurality of mesopores having an average diameter between 1 nm and 200 nm.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises at least one of alumina, silica, or titania.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the silica is characterized by a surface area (SA) 30 m 2 /g≤SA<850 m 2 /g.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein 60 m 2 /g≤SA<500 m 2 /g.
14. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the silica is characterized by the presence of at least one of silanol groups or methyl groups.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the THPE is soluble within the amino polymer and the THPE fluoresces when irradiated with light having a wavelength of about 365 nm.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amino polymer is capable of reversibly adsorbing and desorbing CO 2 .
17. The composition of claim 16 , wherein:
the amino polymer is capable of reversibly switching between a glassy state and at least one of a liquid state or rubbery state,
when in the liquid state or the rubbery state, the amino polymer is capable of adsorbing and desorbing CO 2 ,
when the amino polymer contains between 0.001 moles and 1.0 mole of adsorbed CO 2 per mole of amine provided by the amino polymer, the amino polymer switches from the liquid state or rubbery state to the glassy state,
when the amino polymer is in the liquid or rubbery state, THPE dissolved in the amino polymer fluoresces light with a λ max1 between 480 nm and 540 nm, and
when the amino polymer is in a glassy state, THPE dissolved in the amino polymer fluoresces light with a λ max2 between 455 nm and 480 nm.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the amino polymer contains between 0.01 moles and 0.2 moles of adsorbed CO 2 per mole of amine provided by the amino polymer.
19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein λ max1 is about 530 nm and λ max2 is about 460 nm.
20. A method comprising:
a first transferring of CO 2 from a first gas stream to a composition; and
a second transferring of the CO 2 from the composition to at least one of a second gas stream or a vapor stream, wherein:
the composition comprises:
tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene (THPE);
an amino polymer comprising poly(ethylenimine) (PEI); and
a substrate comprising a metal oxide, wherein:
the substrate comprises a pore volume, and
the THPE and the amino polymer are positioned within the pore volume;
the first transferring and the second transferring are repeated in series at least twice,
the amino polymer is capable of reversibly switching between a glassy state and a liquid state or rubbery state,
when in the liquid state or rubbery state, the amino polymer is capable of adsorbing the CO 2 during the first transferring,
when in the liquid state or rubbery state, the amino polymer is capable of desorbing the CO 2 during the second transferring,
when the amino polymer contains between 0.001 moles and 1.0 mole of adsorbed CO 2 per mole of amine provided by the amino polymer, the amino polymer switches from the liquid state or rubbery state to the glassy state,
when the amino polymer is in the liquid or rubbery state, THPE dissolved in the amino polymer fluoresces light with a λ max1 between 480 nm and 540 nm, and
when the amino polymer is in the glassy state, THPE dissolved in the amino polymer fluoresces light with a λ max2 between 455 nm and 480 nm.