Method for processing negative electrode plate, sodium-metal negative electrode plate and related device
A method for processing a negative electrode plate, a sodium-metal negative electrode plate and related devices. In a vacuum environment, the metal vapor reacts with oxygen, and the metal oxide formed by the reaction is plated on the surface of the sodium-metal negative electrode plate to form a metal oxide protective layer with high mechanical strength and stable chemical properties. The metal oxide protective layer can greatly reduce the phenomenon of low yield and performance deterioration caused by the reaction of sodium metal with air and water during the processing of the sodium-metal negative electrode plate. Since the metal oxide has a nanoscale thickness, it can form a corresponding sodium salt with sodium metal under electrochemical conditions, thereby improving the sodium ion transport rate on the surface of the sodium-metal negative electrode plate and improving the battery's kinetic performance.
1. A method for processing a negative electrode plate, comprising the steps of:
arranging the negative electrode plate in a vacuum chamber, wherein the negative electrode plate is close to an oxygen-containing gas generator and a metal vapor generator, and wherein a side of the negative electrode plate close to the oxygen-containing gas generator is provided with a porous barrier layer; melting a metal material and ejecting metal vapor by the metal vapor generator, so that the negative electrode plate is immersed in the metal vapor, wherein an ejection flow rate of the metal vapor is x ml/min, density of the metal material is ρ g/cm, and relative atomic mass of the metal material is M;
ejecting oxygen-containing gas by the oxygen-containing gas generator along the porous barrier layer, wherein an ejection flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas is y ml/min;
directly reacting the oxygen-containing gas distributed on a surface of the negative electrode plate with the metal vapor to generate a metal oxide, so that the metal oxide is plated on the surface of the negative electrode plate to form a metal oxide protective layer, wherein a molar ratio of metal atoms to oxygen atoms in the metal oxide is z, and wherein z=22.4·x·ρ/(y·M), wherein the negative electrode plate comprises a negative electrode current collector, wherein the negative electrode plate comprises a sodium metal material formed on a surface of the negative electrode current collector, wherein the method satisfies the following characteristics:
(A) the porous barrier layer is a porous metal mesh, and the porous metal mesh comprises a material selected from the group consisting of iron, titanium, tungsten, and molybdenum;
(B) the porous barrier layer having pores wherein the pores have a pore size of from 40 μm to 100 μm; and
(C) a distance between two adjacent pores in the porous barrier layer ( 5 ) is from 0.1 mm to 1 mm.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode current collector comprises at least one of a copper foil current collector, an aluminum foil current collector, a copper-based composite current collector, and an aluminum-based composite current collector.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
(1) the molar ratio of metal atoms to oxygen atoms in the metal oxide is z, 0.2≤z≤1.9;
(2) the molar ratio of metal atoms to oxygen atoms in the metal oxide is z, 0.4≤z≤1.7; and/or
the metal oxide protective layer has a thickness of from 50 nm to 500 nm.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal material comprises at least one of magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, and manganese.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the porous barrier layer is connected with a heating device, and the heating device is configured to regulate the temperature of the porous barrier layer; and/or, the temperature of the porous barrier layer is from 120° C. to 400° C.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a vacuum environment has a vacuum degree of ≤8×10 −2 Pa.